The Effect of Decomposition on the Efficacy of Biometrics for Positive Identification

Biometrics, unique measurable physiological and behavioral characteristics, are used to identify individuals in a variety of scenarios, including forensic investigations. However, data on the longevity of these indicators are incomplete. This study demonstrated that iris and fingerprint biometric data can be obtained up to four days postmortem in warmer seasons and 50 + days in the winter. It has been generally believed, but never studied, that iris recognition is only obtainable within the first 24 hours after death. However, this study showed that they remain viable for longer (2–34 days) depending upon the environmental conditions. Temperature, precipitation, insects, and scavenger activity were the primary factors affecting the retention of biometrics in decomposing human remains. While this study is an initial step in determining the utility of physiological biometrics across postmortem time, biometric research has the potential to make important contributions to human identification and the law enforcement, military, and medicolegal communities.     

Failure of anthropometry as a facial identification technique using high-quality photographs

Anthropometry can be used in certain circumstances to facilitate comparison of a photograph of a suspect with that of the potential offender from surveillance footage. Experimental research was conducted to determine whether anthropometry has a place in forensic practice in confirming the identity of a suspect from a surveillance video. We examined an existing database of photographic lineups, where one video image was compared against 10 photographs, which has previously been used in psychological research. Target (1) and test (10) photos were of high quality, although taken with a different camera. The anthropometric landmarks of right and left ectocanthions, nasion, and stomion were chosen, and proportions and angle values between these landmarks were measured to compare target with test photos. Results indicate that these measurements failed to accurately identify targets. There was also no indication that any of the landmarks made a better comparison than another. It was concluded that, for these landmarks, this method does not generate the consistent results necessary for use as evidence in a court of law.     

Shooting Through Clothing in Firearm Suicides

Abstract: There is a longstanding empirical rule that people who commit suicide rarely shoot through their clothing, but rather put it aside to expose the nude skin. Signs of shots through clothing have always been considered suspicious, raising presumptions of the presence of an abettor. Our report, based on a retrospective study of fatal suicidal firearm injuries from the years 1980 to 2007, points out that suicide victims only rarely remove clothing from the site of the future entry wound. The report covered 43 cases with fatal gunshot wounds in the area of the thorax, with only four persons (9%) removing the clothing present in the area of the subsequent self‐inflicted wound. Defects present on the clothing of a victim cannot, therefore, be understood as an absolute criterion for disproving the possibility of suicide, and nor do they necessarily indicate an unfortunate accident or homicide. If, however, the suicide victim removes the clothing from the area of the future wound, then this is almost always an indication of suicide.     

试论持有的性质与持有型犯罪的特征

持有在法律性质上属于行为,在法律归属上既不属于作为,也不属于不作为,应属于独立的第三行为方式。持有型犯罪与其他类型犯罪相比具有双重法定性、犯罪客体的多样性、认定上的排他性等独特特征。     

试论水书的书写系统及其文化属性

水书是一种特殊的汉字系文字,其书写符号系统的主体在汉字基础上发展而成。水书的使用和发展与水族宗教关系密切,是一种较为典型的巫术文字。这一文化属性对水书书写系统的发展有着重要的影响。     

洗钱罪及其防范

近年来,国内外犯罪分子在我国领域内的洗钱活动越来越猖獗,犯罪形式越来越多样化,犯罪后果也越来越严重。由于洗钱犯罪通常具有跨国性、隐蔽性等特点,往往涉及多个国家的不同司法体系,存在司法管辖上的“涉外因素”和“灰色区域”,致使司法机关的调查取证工作更加艰难;又由于该罪立法上存在缺陷、防控机关间缺乏协调、国际间协作有待加强等因素,造成了对洗钱犯罪打击不力。因此,必须根据当前新形势的发展完善洗钱立法,密切国内外防控机关间的合作,以加强洗钱罪的预防和控制。     

党员先进性辩证分析

科学分析党员先进性是开展保持党员先进性活动的理论前提,辩证分析党员先进性是马克思主义唯物辩证法的基本要求。党员先进性是阶级性和群众性的对立统一,是个性和共性的对立统一,是理论与实践的对立统一,是现实性和可能性的对立统一。这几个辩证范畴是科学认识党员先进性的必然要求,对实现保持党员先进性活动的目标是十分重要的。     

人脸识别技术中的个人信息保护——兼论动态同意模式的建构

人脸识别技术在现有应用场景中已经被证明了其便捷性和高效性,但是,围绕该技术自身准确性、安全性、伦理性和合法性等问题的争议也从未停息。2020年我国"人脸识别第一案"引发公众及学界关注与讨论,急需在快速扩散的技术应用中,寻找信息法益保护模式。完善人脸识别技术中个人信息保护模式的可能性如下:第一,坚持"合法、正当、必要"原...     

浅谈英语学习中的词汇学习

英语是词汇量最大的语言,英语词汇的发展经历了一个漫长的过程。英语词汇的变化、多义词和多词性词的妙用、英语词汇的文体色彩、以及英译汉中汉语动词的转换功能,充分说明词汇学习的丰富内涵。     

西南佛教的典型意义

西南地区的佛教有汉传佛教、藏传佛教和南传上座部佛教三种,另外云南还曾流行过阿阇梨教.西南因其濒临佛教发祥地,是佛教传入中国的首经之地,其向西南渗入并拓展的过程,即是佛教中国化、民族化的过程.佛教对中国的影响,以西南为最典型.