Forensic Analysis of Digital Dynamic Signatures: New Methods for Data Treatment and Feature Evaluation

This study explored digital dynamic signatures containing quantifiable dynamic data. The change in data content and nature necessitates the development of new data treatment approaches. A SignPad Omega digitizing tablet was used to assess measurement reproducibility, as well as within‐writer variation and the occurrence of correctly simulated features. Measurement reproducibility was found to be high except for pressure information. Within‐writer variation was found to be higher between days than on a same day. Occurrence of correct simulation was low for features such as signature size, trajectory length, and total signature time. Feature discrimination factors combining within‐writer variability and the occurrence of correctly simulated features were computed and show that signature size, trajectory length, and signature time are the features that perform the best for discriminating genuine from simulated signatures. A final experiment indicates that dynamic information can be used to create connections between simulation cases.     

An Assessment of How Facial Mimicry Can Change Facial Morphology: Implications for Identification

The assessment of facial mimicry is important in forensic anthropology; in addition, the application of modern 3D image acquisition systems may help for the analysis of facial surfaces. This study aimed at exposing a novel method for comparing 3D profiles in different facial expressions. Ten male adults, aged between 30 and 40 years, underwent acquisitions by stereophotogrammetry (VECTRA‐3D ^® ) with different expressions (neutral, happy, sad, angry, surprised). The acquisition of each individual was then superimposed on the neutral one according to nine landmarks, and the root mean square (RMS) value between the two expressions was calculated. The highest difference in comparison with the neutral standard was shown by the happy expression (RMS 4.11 mm), followed by the surprised (RMS 2.74 mm), sad (RMS 1.3 mm), and angry ones (RMS 1.21 mm). This pilot study shows that the 3D–3D superimposition may provide reliable results concerning facial alteration due to mimicry.     

The Reliability of Facial Recognition of Deceased Persons on Photographs

In humanitarian emergencies, such as the current deceased migrants in the Mediterranean, antemortem documentation needed for identification may be limited. The use of visual identification has been previously reported in cases of mass disasters such as Thai tsunami. This pilot study explores the ability of observers to match unfamiliar faces of living and dead persons and whether facial morphology can be used for identification. A questionnaire was given to 41 students and five professionals in the field of forensic identification with the task to choose whether a facial photograph corresponds to one of the five photographs in a lineup and to identify the most useful features used for recognition. Although the overall recognition score did not significantly differ between professionals and students, the median scores of 78.1% and 80.0%, respectively, were too low to consider this method as a reliable identification method and thus needs to be supported by other means.     

试论我国检察制度的完善

我国检察制度具有专门性、依法性、权威性、规范性、程序性等特点,它的建立与发展具有其历史必然性和现实合理性。由于现行法律的不完善、检察权的依法独立行使缺乏制度保障、检察监督的手段单一以及检察队伍的素质不足等因素的存在,影响和制约了检察权威的树立、职能的发挥。文章认为,应在立法上进一步完善我国检察制度、健全发挥检察职能的内外部机制,在实践中强化检察职能的各项手段、提高检察队伍的综合素质,全方位构建中国特色的检察法律监督制度。     

我国"剩女"问题的社会学思考

在我国,"剩女"问题作为一个现实的新型社会问题已越来越引起大家的关注.要解决"剩女"问题,第一,应摒弃传统婚恋观,树立正确的婚恋观;第二,社会各界要积极行动,通力合作,提供更多的公益性婚恋平台;第三,"剩女"们应不断解放思想,放宽择偶眼界,降低择偶的物质和利益标准.     

四大基本问题与中国化马克思主义理论体系

问题是时代的格言,时代课题突显了时代的历史方位、突出矛盾和时代痼疾。马克思主义中国化的历程就是不断解决中国时代课题的历程,中国化马克思主义理论体系作为马克思主义中国化的理论结晶正是在不断定位每个时代的历史方位,解决时代突出矛盾,破解时代痼疾的实践中形成和发展起来的,它围绕着中国革命、建设和改革的时代课题,不断探索和解答了"什么是马克思主义、怎样对待马克思主义","什么是社会主义、怎样建设社会主义","建设什么样的党、怎样建设党","实现什么样的发展,怎样发展"这四大基本问题,形成了贯穿中国革命、建设和改革的一条问题主线。     

Mighty Morphin’ age progression: how artist,age range,and morphing influences the similarity of forensic age progressions to target individuals

When children go missing, authorities sometimes release age progressed images that are intended to approximate the person's current appearance. The current studies measured the influence of the range between the time when the child went missing and the age portrayed in the age progression on the similarity between the progressions and current images of the targets. Experiment 1 examined whole face images and Experiment 2 examined internal features only. Eight artists were recruited to produce progressions at three age ranges. Also included were averaged (morphed) images made of progressions of the same individual at a given range by different artists. Progressions across shorter ranges produced images more similar than those across longer ranges, and target comparisons yielded higher similarity ratings than foil comparisons. Although there was much variability among artists, the morphed images performed better than the average rating given to all age progressions.     

公司代表人制度“法定性”的弱化——法律与社会良性互动视角的分析

对法定代表人法定性的起源、生成与演变作了一个鸟瞰式的回顾,揭示了该制度法定性不断弱化的发展趋势。运用弗里德曼法律变化四分类学说来分析,法定代表人制度是法律与社会良性互动的结果,其法定性弱化的动因既不能简单地归结为法律内因变化,也不能完全由社会外因所引致。为继续完善该制度,法律应回归代表人机制的本源,确保法律与社会的良性互动,尊重商业惯例的内在品性并且遵循该品性来修正法定代表人制度。     

“90后”大学生思想特点及引导路径探析

“90后”大学生群体的思想特点有：“我”成为个体的中心词;家庭中呈现依赖与反依赖的矛盾特性;社会追求上无所适从的矛盾心理等。这是特定的教育背景、生活环境以及身心发展规律等多方面因素影响的结果。在平等与互动中放大家庭的引导,在显性与隐性中渗透学校的教育,以内在与外在的方式催生社会自觉,应该成为对“90”后大学生进行思想政治教育的路径选择。     

Forensic Facial Comparison: Issues of Admissibility in the Development of Novel Analytical Technique

Much contemporary debate in forensic science concerns validity and admissibility of scientific evidence in court. In this paper, three current approaches to facial identification—image superimposition, photogrammetry, and morphological analysis—are considered with regard to criteria for scientific evidence in the United States, and England, and Wales. The aim of the paper is to assess the extent to which facial image comparison meets criteria of admissibility in these jurisdictions. The method used is a comparative evaluation of the methods of facial image comparison and their underlying premises against the range of admissibility criteria reported in court rulings and relevant judicial and scientific inquiries in the United States and the United Kingdom. While the techniques of facial image comparison are generally accepted within their practitioner communities, they are not tested, and their error rates are unknown. On that basis, the methods of facial image comparison would appear not to meet the anticipated standards. They are, nevertheless, admitted in court in the United States, and England, and Wales. This paper concludes that further research in science and law will be necessary to more definitively establish admissibility of facial image comparison evidence, as it will for other nascent and novel methods that are potentially influential in court proceedings.