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101.
Using Frons Width to Differentiate Blow Fly Species (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Phormia regina (Meigen) and Protophormia terraenovae (Robineau‐Desvoidy)
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Sarah V. Langer B.Sc.F.S. Christopher J. Kyle Ph.D. David V. Beresford Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2017,62(2):473-475
Protophormia terraenovae (Robineau‐Desvoidy) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Phormia regina (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are morphologically similar blow fly species commonly used for estimating postmortem intervals. Field collection and storage of adults can result in color changes, in particular on calypters and palps; often collected specimens show damage such as wing fray or fungal growth. We measured the frons width: total head width ratio using photographs (ImageJ version 1.49) to differentiate these two species. Both sexes were distinguishable to species, with the greatest difference between males: 12.34% P. terraenovae versus 1.62% P. regina, less so for females: 40.25% P. terraenovae, versus 33.65% P. regina. Incorporating this feature into future blow fly keys would help with distinguishing field‐caught specimens when other features are obstructed. 相似文献
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目的观察分析原发性脑干损伤出血灶的形态及分布特征,为法医学鉴定提供依据。方法选取34例原发性脑干损伤出血案例,常规制作病理切片,采用HE染色观察出血灶的形态及位置分布特征,并统计两者之间关系。结果原发性脑干损伤出血形态以裂隙样出血多见(61.6%)。出血灶位置分布组间比较显示,不同纤维走行和组织密度交界处、动脉周围、神经根等处以裂隙样出血多见(P〈0.005);室管膜下主要表现为灶性出血(P〈0.001);神经核团内出血较少,且裂隙样出血、灶性出血比例较为接近。结论不同纤维走行和组织密度交界处、动脉周围、神经根处的裂隙样出血是原发性脑干损伤的直接依据;神经核团内出血具有重要的法医学价值。 相似文献
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本文主要论述了国内、外学者对人头颅面三维容貌复原技术的研究现状与研究的进展情况,并对国内、外目前的头颅复原研究现状和进展情况进行了比较与分析。 相似文献
105.
Marketa Pechníková M.Sc. Ph.D. Debora Mazzarelli M.A. Pasquale Poppa B.Sc. Ph.D. Daniele Gibelli M.D. Ph.D. Emilio Scossa Baggi Ph.D. Cristina Cattaneo M.D. B.Sc. M.A. Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(5):1140-1145
The assessment of fractures is a key issue in forensic anthropology; however, very few studies deal with the features of fractures due to explosion in comparison with other traumatic injuries. This study focuses on fractures resulting from blast trauma and two types of blunt force trauma (manual compression and running over), applied to corpses of pigs; 163 osteons were examined within forty fractures by the transmission light microscopy. Blast lesions showed a higher percentage of fracture lines through the Haversian canal, whereas in other types of trauma, the fractures went across the inner lamellae. Significant differences between samples hit by blast energy and those runover or manually compressed were observed (p < 0.05). The frequency of pattern A is significantly higher in exploded bones than in runover and compressed. Microscopic analysis of the fracture line may provide information about the type of trauma, especially for what concerns blast trauma. 相似文献
106.
Correlation Between Average Tissue Depth Data and Quantitative Accuracy of Forensic Craniofacial Reconstructions Measured by Geometric Surface Comparison Method
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Won‐Joon Lee Ph.D. Caroline M. Wilkinson Ph.D. Hyeon‐Shik Hwang Ph.D. Sang‐Mi Lee M.S.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(3):572-580
Accuracy is the most important factor supporting the reliability of forensic facial reconstruction (FFR) comparing to the corresponding actual face. A number of methods have been employed to evaluate objective accuracy of FFR. Recently, it has been attempted that the degree of resemblance between computer‐generated FFR and actual face is measured by geometric surface comparison method. In this study, three FFRs were produced employing live adult Korean subjects and three‐dimensional computerized modeling software. The deviations of the facial surfaces between the FFR and the head scan CT of the corresponding subject were analyzed in reverse modeling software. The results were compared with those from a previous study which applied the same methodology as this study except average facial soft tissue depth dataset. Three FFRs of this study that applied updated dataset demonstrated lesser deviation errors between the facial surfaces of the FFR and corresponding subject than those from the previous study. The results proposed that appropriate average tissue depth data are important to increase quantitative accuracy of FFR. 相似文献
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An organization should address ethical issues including privacy before deploying biometric systems. Threats to informational privacy rights related to potential data misuse, function creep, and the data linkage of personal information contained in diverse databases makes possible such unintended consequences as surveillance, profiling, and discrimination. Unlike passwords, biometric data are unique, irrevocable, and variable. Biometric encryption (BE) is highlighted as a prominent example of Privacy by Design, where privacy is embedded as a core functionality in the biometric system. BE binds a digital key to (or extracts the key from) the biometrics. Earlier technical challenges to this new technology, as well as recent advances, are presented. Lastly, an overview is provided of an application using facial recognition (FR) in a watch list scenario, known to be the first and largest successful deployment of BE using FR, in a casino context. 相似文献
109.
Abstract: This study examined eight previously published ear prediction methods by Welcker, Gerasimov, Fedosyutkin and Nainys, and Broadbent and Mathews. Computed tomography scans of 78 living adults (n1) did not support any of these previously published recommendations. Free earlobes were found to accompany protruding supramastoid crests (Pearson’s χ² < 0.05); and ear length [l] and width [w] differed by sex (p < 0.05), correlated with age (r = 0.38[l]; 0.32[w]), and correlated with facial height (r = 0.37[l]; 0.30[w]). New regression equations (for ear length and width) were generated using these variables in several samples and, where possible, cross‐validated using independent data (n1 = 78, n2 = 2190, n3 = 1328, n4 = 1010, and n5 = 47). As a result of these analyses, four valid and tested methods for ear prediction were identified, but large degrees of error continue to make accurate prediction of the ear, from the skull, problematic. 相似文献
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Abstract: Research into witness identification images typically occurs within the laboratory and involves subjective likeness and recognizability judgments. This study analyzed whether actual witness identification images systematically alter the facial shapes of the suspects described. The shape analysis tool, geometric morphometrics, was applied to 46 homologous facial landmarks displayed on 50 witness identification images and their corresponding arrest photographs, using principal component analysis and multivariate regressions. The results indicate that compared with arrest photographs, witness identification images systematically depict suspects with lowered and medially located eyebrows (p = <0.000001). This was found to occur independently of the Police Artist, and did not occur with composites produced under laboratory conditions. There are several possible explanations for this finding, including any, or all, of the following: The suspect was frowning at the time of the incident, the witness had negative feelings toward the suspect, this is an effect of unfamiliar face processing, the suspect displayed fear at the time of their arrest photograph. 相似文献