玻璃刺创形态学特点的初步研究

目的研究玻璃刺创的形态学特点。方法分别用3个厚度为0．31cm带尖状突起的啤酒瓶残端及3块厚度为0．29cm有尖的普通窗玻璃碎片按设定的不同方向刺击带皮猪肉组织,重复此过程3次,形成198例创口,观察、编号、拍照、测量各创口。结果198例创口的整体形态可分为5种类型,即“工”型、“”型、“”型、“上”型与“一”型,各型在不同刺击方向的分布上存在差异,其中前4种为主要类型,共约占总数的93％,其共同点为在损伤的中部出现了一段与损伤整体走向垂直的创口,啤酒瓶残端所致垂直创口的长度为0．31±0．Olcm（x±s）,窗玻璃碎片所致垂直创口的长度为0．29±0．Olcm（x±s）。结论损伤中部有与损伤整体走向垂直的短创口是玻璃刺创中易出现的一种形态学特点,垂直创的长度与致伤玻璃的厚度具有一致性。     

黄牛足螨的形态学观察

采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对采自四川黄牛的足螨进行了形态学观察和测量。结果表明:各发育阶段的足螨均呈长椭圆形,幼螨大小为(160.9±26)μm×(124.7±17)μm,3对足;雌性若一螨大小为(210.8±29)μm×(160.1±22)μm;雌性若二螨大小为(235.2±18)μm×(183.1±16)μm,体末具有圆柱形突出物1对;雌性成螨大小为(311.4±27)μm×(213.3±21)μm;雄性若螨大小为(216.1±18)μm×(168.2±14)μm;雄性成螨大小为(245.7±24)μm×(191.0±21)μm。其中雄性足螨末端突出物分2节,突出物上竹片状刚毛(Spatulate setae)的长度为168~200μm,最外侧刚毛的平均长度为50μm左右,根据其形态学特征鉴定为德州足螨。     

Striation Density for Predicting the Identifiability of Fired Bullets with Automated Inspection Systems*

Abstract: Automated firearms identification systems will correlate a reference bullet with all evidence bullets without a selection procedure to exclude the bullets having insufficient bullet identifying signature. Correlations that include such bullets increase the workload and may affect the correlation accuracy. In this article, a parameter called striation density is proposed for determining and predicting bullet identifiability. After image preprocessing, edge detection and filtering techniques are used to extract the edges of striation marks, the resulting binary image distinctly shows the amount and distribution of striation marks. Then striation density is calculated for determining the quality of images. In the experiment, striation densities for six lands of 48 bullets fired from 12 gun barrels of six manufactures are calculated. Statistical results show strong relation between striation density and identification rate. It can provide firearms identification systems with a quantitative criterion to assess whether there are sufficient striae for reliable bullet identification.     

家兔低压电损伤与铁路接触网电损伤的组织形态学比较研究

观察低压电击损伤和电气化铁路接触网电击损伤的机体组织形态学变化 ,可为铁路电击损伤的鉴定提供依据。低压电在触电部位皮肤易形成电流斑 ,心肌纤维广泛断裂 ,血管周围心肌断裂最严重 ,脏器中血管损伤具有特征性改变。电气化铁路接触网电击损伤皮肤组织以烧伤为主 ,皮肤及皮下组织严重凝固坏死、炭化 ,结构破坏 ,肌肉组织凝固呈团块状 ,内脏各器官发生严重而广泛性凝固性坏死、结构破坏 ,电流传导路径上的血管损伤严重。     

MODSE模型的生理生化学及组织形态学研究

目的　探讨老年多器官功能障碍综合征 (multipleorgandysfunctionsyndromeintheelderly ,MODSE)的生理生化指标及组织形态学变化特点及其意义。方法　本实验采用盲肠结扎穿孔术 (cecalligationpuncture ,CLP)制作MODSE模型和青年多器官功能障碍综合征 (multipleorgandysfunctionsyndrome ,MODS)模型 ,并设立与以上两种模型相应的假手术对照组和未加任何处理的对照组 ;分别于术后 6,12 ,2 4,48和 72h监测生理生化学指标并同时采用常规HE染色法对各重要器官 (心、脑、肺、肝和肾 )的组织形态学变化进行研究。结果　MODSE组在 6h左右就可以观察到器官功能受到损害 ,2 4h左右达高峰且持续的时间很长 ( 72h还持续存在 ) ,而MODS组则在 2 4h左右才会出现器官功能受损且受损严重程度较MODSE组轻微 ,48h达高峰。结论　MODSE模型的器官功能障碍发生率较高 ,其器官结构与功能的损害发生亦较早而且严重 ,此结果为多器官功能衰竭死亡的法医学鉴定提供一定的实验依据。     

The Effect of Image Quality and Forensic Expertise in Facial Image Comparisons

Images of perpetrators in surveillance video footage are often used as evidence in court. In this study, identification accuracy was compared for forensic experts and untrained persons in facial image comparisons as well as the impact of image quality. Participants viewed thirty image pairs and were asked to rate the level of support garnered from their observations for concluding whether or not the two images showed the same person. Forensic experts reached their conclusions with significantly fewer errors than did untrained participants. They were also better than novices at determining when two high‐quality images depicted the same person. Notably, lower image quality led to more careful conclusions by experts, but not for untrained participants. In summary, the untrained participants had more false negatives and false positives than experts, which in the latter case could lead to a higher risk of an innocent person being convicted for an untrained witness.     

Combination of Face Regions in Forensic Scenarios

This article presents an experimental analysis of the combination of different regions of the human face on various forensic scenarios to generate scientific knowledge useful for the forensic experts. Three scenarios of interest at different distances are considered comparing mugshot and CCTV face images using MORPH and SC face databases. One of the main findings is that inner facial regions combine better in mugshot and close CCTV scenarios and outer facial regions combine better in far CCTV scenarios. This means, that depending of the acquisition distance, the discriminative power of the facial regions change, having in some cases better performance than the full face. This effect can be exploited by considering the fusion of facial regions which results in a very significant improvement of the discriminative performance compared to just using the full face.     

牛源环孢子虫的形态学特征观察

对首次在乳牛粪便中发现的疑似环孢子虫卵囊的形状、大小、抗酸染色和孢子化等形态学特征进行了观察,探讨了该原虫的纯化方法。结果显示,牛源环孢子虫卵囊呈球形,直径6～10μm。直接涂片时可见卵囊内含折光性较强的成团小球体,呈桑椹胚状,淡绿色。碘液染色不着色。经改良抗酸染色后,卵囊着色变化较大,呈淡红色、深红色或不着色。新排出的未孢子化卵囊培养后可观察到孢子化的卵囊,内含2个孢子囊,每个孢子囊内含有2个折光性较强的子孢子。这些特征与人或其他动物的环孢子虫一致。环孢子虫感染阳性的粪便经Sheather's蔗糖漂浮法浓集后,再经蔗糖密度梯度离心,可以得到较为纯净的卵囊。     

泥土中花粉的环境扫描电镜研究

目的建立环境扫描电镜观察研究泥土中花粉的方法。方法泥土样品经过一系列酸碱浸泡、离心、过滤等处理后,经环境扫描电镜观察。环境扫描电镜采用样品室工作气压4.5torr,冷冻样品台温度5℃的工作条件。结果环境扫描电镜下观察到的花粉外壁雕纹饱满,层次感强,网状纹上的颗粒形态非常清晰,不同种花粉的外观形态特征各异。泥土样品提取后并可拍摄到清晰的花粉颗粒。结论采用环境扫描电镜可对泥土中花粉的形态进行观察,并可对已知花粉和未知花粉进行比较,进行种属鉴别。本方法可应用于实际案例,为鉴别花粉种类、确定泥土物证与犯罪现场的关系等提供科学依据。     

读音和词形英语化与法语借词

法语借词通过英语读音和词形同化而具备了英语词汇的读音和词形特征。依据非同化和同化概念细化的英语读音和词形同化方式，分析法语借词英语读音和词形同化的规律。英语读音同化法语借词呈现两种状态：英语读音体系的归属与法语发音方式的遗存；英语词形同化的法语借词词根不变，而是在词尾、词中等位置局部改变法语词形。