Facial Tissue Depths in Children with Cleft Lip and Palate

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is a craniofacial malformation affecting more than seven million people worldwide that results in defects of the hard palate, teeth, maxilla, nasal spine and floor, and maxillodental asymmetry. CLP facial soft‐tissue depth (FSTD) values have never been published. The purpose of this research is to report CLP FSTD values and compare them to previously published FSTD values for normal children. Thirty‐eight FSTDs were measured on cone beam computed tomography images of CLP children (n = 86; 7–17 years). MANOVA and ANOVA tests determined whether cleft type, age, sex, and bone graft surgical status affect tissue depths. Both cleft type (unilateral/bilateral) and age influence FSTDs. CLP FSTDs exhibit patterns of variation that differ from normal children, particularly around the oronasal regions of the face. These differences should be taken into account when facial reconstructions of children with CLP are created.     

Facial Approximation—From Facial Reconstruction Synonym to Face Prediction Paradigm

Facial approximation was first proposed as a synonym for facial reconstruction in 1987 due to dissatisfaction with the connotations the latter label held. Since its debut, facial approximation's identity has morphed as anomalies in face prediction have accumulated. Now underpinned by differences in what problems are thought to count as legitimate, facial approximation can no longer be considered a synonym for, or subclass of, facial reconstruction. Instead, two competing paradigms of face prediction have emerged, namely: facial approximation and facial reconstruction. This paper shines a Kuhnian lens across the discipline of face prediction to comprehensively review these developments and outlines the distinguishing features between the two paradigms.     

论党校教育对先进文化的传播、培育及再生产

从教学内容看 ;党校教育是对先进文化的传播 ;从教学的根本任务看 ,党校教育是对先进文化的培育 ;从党校教育的结果看 ,党校教育是对先进文化的再生产。     

猪生殖障碍性疾病的研究概况

概述了猪生殖障碍性疾病的病因、流行发病特点及其临床表现特征和防治措施。提出了病毒性生殖障碍性疾病是引起猪生殖障碍性疾病的主要病因的观点,认为传染性疾病是生殖障碍性疾病的最大威胁,随着新病的不断出现,多病原混合感染和继发感染增加,细菌性、寄生虫性、营养代谢性和中毒性生殖障碍的危害加重。     

从翻译美学的角度论小说翻译中人物语言的审美再现

小说是通过塑造典型人物形象来反映现实生活的一种文学体裁。人物形象丰满与否,直接取决于人物个性化的语言。能否准确传译人物语言便成了小说翻译的关键。翻译过程中,译者应本着审美等值的原则努力再现小说中人物语言的审美价值。     

Fragmenting Fatherhood: The Regulation of Reproductive Technologies

Reproductive technologies offer the potential to break down parenthood into a number of constituent parts. These disruptive possibilities mean that the regulation of reproductive technologies holds important potential for study, providing a significant resource that has been little analysed with regard to fatherhood. This study attempts to remedy that lacuna through consideration of a range of recent developments in this area of English law. It reaches two general conclusions. First, while the law regulating reproductive technologies attributes great importance to fatherhood, this is rooted primarily (though not exclusively) in concerns for the symbolic importance of fathers, rather than in more practical considerations such as ensuring financial provision or a second hands-on carer for a child. Secondly, the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act (1990) contains a clear attempt to protect and entrench the role of the father as completing the nuclear family. However, recent developments suggest that this legal preference for the nuclear family is subject to clear emerging cracks.     

论同步录音录像的口供功能

实践中,同步录音录像多用作视听资料,证明讯问笔录的合法性,从而忽略了它由于记录了口供及其非文字信息而具有的作为口供证据的功能。同步录音录像的口供功能包括通过查看同步录音录像,发现案件线索,找到案件侦查突破口,也包括作为口供证据直接证明犯罪事实。检察机关将同步录音录像作为口供使用可以更好地解决检察机关自侦案件证据缺乏的难题。为实现上述同步录音录像的口供功能,应当提高侦查人员分析判断同步录音录像的能力,积极将同步录音录像作为供述证据使用,避免法官在查看同步录音录像时的认知偏见等等。     

Use of Craniofacial Superimposition in Historic Investigation

A skeleton discovered in Grand Forks, North Dakota was purported to belong to Clelland “Clell” Miller, a James‐Younger gang member, who was killed during the Northfield Bank robbery on September 7, 1876. A 3‐D image from a computer tomography (CT) scan of the skull was obtained, and a craniofacial superimposition was conducted to determine if the skull could belong to Miller. The superimposition method used in this case was to overlay the CT image of the skull onto Miller's postmortem photograph. In addition to the craniofacial superimposition, the images were juxtaposed to compare similarities or differences in facial morphology between the skull and photograph. Superimposition methods can be used to exclude identifications; however, they should not be used as a conclusive method for identification. In this case, there were sufficient similarities between the skull and Miller's photograph; therefore, the skull could not be eliminated as possibly being that of Miller.     

Anthropological Facial Approximation in Three Dimensions (AFA3D): Computer‐Assisted Estimation of the Facial Morphology Using Geometric Morphometrics

This study presents Anthropological Facial Approximation in Three Dimensions (AFA3D), a new computerized method for estimating face shape based on computed tomography (CT) scans of 500 French individuals. Facial soft tissue depths are estimated based on age, sex, corpulence, and craniometrics, and projected using reference planes to obtain the global facial appearance. Position and shape of the eyes, nose, mouth, and ears are inferred from cranial landmarks through geometric morphometrics. The 100 estimated cutaneous landmarks are then used to warp a generic face to the target facial approximation. A validation by re‐sampling on a subsample demonstrated an average accuracy of c. 4 mm for the overall face. The resulting approximation is an objective probable facial shape, but is also synthetic (i.e., without texture), and therefore needs to be enhanced artistically prior to its use in forensic cases. AFA3D, integrated in the TIVMI software, is available freely for further testing.     

中国农村部分地区教育缺失问题探究——以布迪厄《资本形式》为分析视角

教育是着眼于他人的素质、能力而进行的影响其精神世界或心理状态的信息传播活动。教育是充实人民生活、发展国计民生不可或缺的重要因素。近年来,政府尤其重视农村教育,然而,农村教育缺失问题在部分地区依然存在。中国农村教育缺失问题有很多,原因也各不相同。本文以布迪厄《资本形式》为分析视角,对中国农村部分地区教育缺失问题及其原因进行了分析,希望以此引起政府相关部门的重视,加大对农村教育的投入力度。