专利指标的经济学意义及其实践应用

目前我国已经形成了基于专利统计、专利文献、专利调查和政府行政管理的指标系统，但指标设计仍存在结构缺陷，突出表现为重创造、轻运用的情况，专利保护和服务指标亟待完善。社会公众不能准确把握指标内涵，对指标真实作用和决定要素缺乏准确认知。在专利指标使用方面，政府功能性评价能力强，学术运用能力弱，指标数据对专利经济学研究支持力度不足，反映市场竞争能力的企业专利指标失位。提倡从政府管理和学术研究两个层面加强基础指标的设计与利用，建立以指标分析为基础的专利经济学科全面提升专利对经济结构转型和创新驱动发展的激励作用。     

Political support among winners and losers: Within- and between-country effects of structure,process and performance in Europe

Why is the winner-loser gap in political support wider in some countries and narrower in others? Previous studies have focused on how the input side of political systems (i.e., the institutional structure) affects the winner-loser gap. This study suggests that one should also consider the output side (i.e., the quality of political process and economic performance) and posits that two mechanisms – rational and psychological – can explain how output factors affect the gap. Going beyond previous research, this article also considers whether contextual characteristics explain the variation in the gap not only between countries, but also within them. Applying mixed models to survey data from 30 European countries between 2002 and 2015, the study finds that the differences in support between winners and losers across countries are smaller in consensual systems, as in these contexts the support among losers is higher. However, changes in the institutional structure do not explain the over-time variation in the winner-loser gap. Moreover, increasing quality of process and economic performance do not attenuate the gap across countries and over time, as they affect positively the political support of both winners and losers. The study shows which contextual factors explain the winner-loser gap and points to the conditions that increase losers’ consent, which is a crucial element of democratic legitimacy.     

近10年来辛亥革命时期妇女运动研究综述

近10年来,辛亥革命时期的妇女运动研究取得了可喜的进展,在有关宏观性研究以及女子报刊、女子教育、女权思潮、女子参政和人物研究方面均发表了很多有价值的论文,提出了不少有见地的观点。但是,研究中也存在一些问题和不足,需要今后加以改进。     

Economic forces and anti-immigrant attitudes in Western Europe: a paradox in search of an explanation

Greater economic hardship is widely conceived as conducive to higher levels of majority hostility towards minority groups. Research in the classical social-psychological tradition as well as data on political trends support such a view. However, more recent survey and experimental findings cast doubt on the economic deprivation model of out-group hostility. O'Connell examines responses to sections of the European Social Survey that suggest that economic deprivation is still linked to out-group hostility, and argues that this position is contradicted by recent trends in anti-immigrant politics: electoral support for far-right parties has been more prevalent in wealthier and more materially secure societies than in poorer ones. He offers an explanation for this apparent paradox, suggesting that increased economic security has both direct and indirect effects on a society, and that these effects run counter to each other. As economic scarcity decreases, concerns over economic rivalry decline but new concerns related to integration emerge, particularly as the society becomes more attractive to migrants.     

基层民警单警装备使用现状调查分析——以江苏省苏北三市为例

为深入调查研究江苏省基层民警使用单警装备的现状,本研究设计了单警装备使用现状调查问卷,对江苏省苏北三座城市200多名民警进行问卷调查。通过数据分析发现基层民警在配备、使用单警装备上存在着一些问题,这些问题主要根源于投入、机制保障、教育培训、法律支持四个方面。     

Distributive justice attitudes in Ukraine: Need,desert or social minimum?

This paper presents research findings based on a factorial survey study of attitudes toward the justice of income distribution in Ukraine. The factorial survey design was used for the first time in a representative large-scale survey in Ukraine and provided an opportunity to investigate the effect of multiple factors concerning individual, family and enterprise characteristics in complex subjective evaluations of just earnings. The focus within this study lays on three fundamental principles, according to which the just income is assessed: equality, desert and need principles. Empirical results of the study show that Ukrainian respondents pay attention to almost all characteristics used in the vignettes, a fact which empirically supported the basic idea of the multiprinciple justice theory. Some generational differences in justice perception were uncovered and discussed. The analyses also revealed an overall domination of the need principle in the judgments on income justice. However, the need criterion loses its relative significance at the expense of the desert principle, as soon as rather large income amounts are treated. This finding leads to the reflection that the need considerations appear to be popular in the post-Soviet countries to the extent to which they find support among low-income population and not because of the Soviet ideological heritage.     

方法得当事半功倍--关于推进民主党派做好调研议政工作的思考

调研议政工作是民主党派履行参政议政、民主监督职能的一项基础性工作。民主党派各级组织只有充分认识调研议政工作的重要性 ,集中优势力量 ,采取得当方法 ,才能做好调研议政工作 ,为促进我国社会主义现代化建设做出更大的贡献。     

大学英语多媒体网络教学试点调查报告

多媒体网络教学正在全国180所院校试行和推广,多媒体网络化教学对硬件、软件、教师及学生要求很高。调查显示,学生自主学习能力较差,新的教学模式对教师影响很大,学生比老师更适应新的教学模式。实施新的教学模式是大势所趋,必须处理好一系列关系,明确教师不可替代的作用,同时做好学生参与、小班上课等相关工作,使多媒体网络教学顺利进行。     

Is Consensual Politicizing Being Punished in Switzerland?

Over the last decade, Switzerland has been characterized by both a radicalization of its political system and the relative success of the SP and SVP parties, which tend to adopt a strategy of permanent campaigning. Because of this, it is often argued that politicians are held accountable for their behaviour and that their electoral successes depend on their voting behaviour in parliament. We thus explore whether the voting behaviour of representatives, or citizens' evaluations of parties' ideological positions had an impact on their electoral success in the 1995, 1999, and 2003 national elections. More precisely, we assess how far the proximity and directional models explain the electoral success of incumbents and parties using roll call data for the National Council as well as the Selects surveys at the individual level. The results at both levels suggest that voters' choice is largely consistent with what is predicted by the spatial models of electoral behaviour. Swiss voters form their party preference on both proximity and direction, which supports a mixed model of electoral behaviour.     

The Importance of Social and Political Context: The Case of AIDS Activism

We utilize a 1992 survey of approximately, 2500 AIDS activists to analyze their degree of participation. Activity levels were affected by several traditional predictors, but the inclusion of contextual measures indicating the activists' connection with AIDS, especially the pain and loss incurred, led to a much fuller and more complex explanatory model. We argue that a richer comprehension of political participation requires more studies of issue-specific activists and the specification of contexual features that serve to motivate more intensive degrees of participation.