台湾地区科技统计体系及特征分析

科技统计数据是认识一个地区科技发展特征的重要载体.20世纪80年代初期,台湾地区建立了科技统计工作制度.如今,台湾的科技统计工作既符合OECD制定的统计规范,又具有自身特点,为公众了解台湾科技发展和当局制定科技政策提供了翔实的数据.本文在分析科技统计基本职能和世界科技统计发展态势基础上,对台湾的科技统计工作体系和工作流程进行了详细介绍,总结了台湾科技统计的四个典型特征,提出了对大陆科技统计工作的若干启示,并对开展两岸科技统计合作进行了展望.     

Racism: Less is More

Racism has been in sharp decline in recent decades yet the word, as accusation, is used more than ever. The word/idea needs to be more restrictively defined and kept for when it is really needed. When almost everyone is a racist, no one is. To this end we need to distinguish more clearly between the greater comfort people often feel among familiar people and places and active hostility towards outsider ethnic groups. We also need a more discriminating language to describe the spectrum of discrimination. Prejudice, clannishness—even in some instances discrimination itself—should be regarded as sentiments and behaviours that are distinct from proper racism.     

关于在校大学生政治参与状况的调查分析

政治参与能力是现代公民的一项基本政治素质,也应是大学生群体的素质要求之一。对在校大学生政治参与调查结果表明,大学生政治参与呈现出总体良性发展,表现为:良性的政治认知、积极的参与态度、鲜明的参与主体性和独立性等。但局部也存在着“政治冷漠”现象、参与动机的功利化等不良倾向。     

中医综合疗法治疗膝骨关节炎临床疗效观察及生存质量评价

目的 观察中医综合疗法治疗膝骨关节炎的疗效及其对生存质量的影响。方法 将148例膝骨关节炎患者按照简单随机原则分为治疗组（75例）和对照组（73例）,治疗组采用骨刺颗粒内服、消炎膏外敷及日常生活指导,对照组采用布洛芬胶囊口服、奇正消痛贴膏外用及日常生活指导。以西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数（Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index,WOMAC）及《中医病证诊断疗效标准》中“骨痹”的疗效标准评价疗效,并采用36条目简明健康状况调查表（36-item short-form health survey,SF-36）对患者的生存质量进行评估。结果 治疗10 d及30 d后,治疗组总有效率均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;两组WOMAC评分均显著低于治疗前（P<0.01）,且治疗组WOMAC评分显著低于对照组（P<0.01）。与治疗前比较,治疗30 d后两组SF-36各维度评分均显著升高（P<0.01）。治疗组各维度评分改善值显著高于对照组（P<0.05,或P<0.01）。结论 中医综合疗法不仅能够改善膝骨关节炎的疼痛不适症状,而且能够改善关节活动度及躯体功能,提高患者生存质量。     

Voting in the rain: the impact of rain on participation in open-air assemblies

ABSTRACT

The analysis of how weather conditions influence participation at the ballot and whether bad weather influences ballot decisions has recently gained momentum. This paper analyses the influence of rain on participation in the Landsgemeinde – the main decision-making body of two Swiss cantons, wherein citizens meet on the main square in order to debate and decide bindingly on political matters of all sorts. We rely on a survey with an in-built conjoint experiment that presents citizens with several hypothetical Landsgemeinde situations characterized by randomly varied combinations of weather and other conditions such as outcome favorability, the expected closeness of the vote and the company available during the event. We find that rain not only decreases overall participation but it also lowers participation when votes are expected to be uncontested and for individuals who do not primarily attend the Landsgemeinde for political reasons.     

论专属经济区中的军事研究和测量活动

美军研究和测量船在我国专属经济区的监视和情报收集活动从未间断过,近期又频繁地在亚太地区进行联合军事演习,其"项庄舞剑"的意图昭然若揭。军事研究和测量活动应当被定性为军事活动,因而在专属经济区内的此类活动与《联合国海洋法公约》中"海洋应只用于和平目的"的宗旨相悖,已构成对沿海国安全的威胁,已经受到了诸多国家的质疑。沿海国对专属经济区内的军事活动进行管辖,并不妨碍航行自由,而是履行国际义务、维护航行自由与航道安全畅通的举措。     

A Review of Forensic Science Higher Education Programs in the United States: Bachelor’s and Master’s Degrees*

Abstract: As the number of forensic science programs offered at higher education institutions rises, and more students express an interest in them, it is important to gain information regarding the offerings in terms of courses, equipment available to students, degree requirements, and other important aspects of the programs. A survey was conducted examining the existing bachelor’s and master’s forensic science programs in the U.S. Of the responding institutions, relatively few were, at the time of the survey, accredited by the forensic science Education Programs Accreditation Commission (FEPAC). In general, the standards of the responding programs vary considerably primarily in terms of their size and subjects coverage. While it is clear that the standards for the forensic science programs investigated are not homogeneous, the majority of the programs provide a strong science curriculum, faculties with advanced degrees, and interesting forensic‐oriented courses.     

The Consumer as the Empirical Measure of Trade Mark Law

Although consumer responses to signs and symbols lie at the heart of trade mark law, courts blow hot and cold on the relevance of empirical evidence – such as surveys and experiments – to establish how consumers respond to alleged infringing marks. This ambivalence is related to deeper rifts between trade mark doctrine and the science around consumer decision‐making. This article engages with an approach in ‘Law and Science’ literature: looking at how cognitive psychology and related disciplines conceptualise consumer decision‐making, and how counterintuitive lawyers’ approaches appear from this perspective. It demonstrates how, especially when proving confusion, decision‐makers in trade mark demand the impossible of empiricists and are simultaneously blind to the weaknesses of other sources of proof. A principled divergence, without seeking to collapse the gaps between legal and scientific approaches, but taking certain small steps, could reduce current problems of proof and contribute to better‐informed, more empirically grounded decisions.     

The Swiss: A Political Nation?

Abstract: Proponents of constitutional patriotism advocate the promotion of a political national identity. Whether a national identity founded on common political values is viable, however, remains a matter of dispute. The Swiss nation is one of the few empirical cases cited by those who argue that a political national identity can be a sufficient guarantor of institutional stability and social coherence; indeed, Switzerland is widely regarded as a prototype of the political nation. The aim of our analysis is to empirically test this claim. In doing so, we rely on classical typologies of national identity. We propose to use a more finely graded typology than the usual dichotomies, however – one which allows for combined types – and to focus on individual perceptions of national identity at the mass‐ and elite‐levels. The empirical analysis of whether the Swiss nation can correctly be classified as a political nation draws on data from mass and MP surveys. Our conclusion is that the Swiss imagine their nation in both political and cultural terms, and the essence of their cultural identity is Swiss linguistic pluralism and regional diversity.