1 601例盆腔炎性疾病及其后遗症患者中医证型分布特征

目的 探究盆腔炎性疾病（pelvic inflammatory disease,PID）和盆腔炎性疾病后遗症（sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease,SPID）患者中医证型分布特征。方法 以成都中医药大学附属医院为牵头单位,通过横断面调查,对全国17个省、自治区、直辖市的22家医院的1 601例PID和SPID患者（其中PID患者874例,SPID患者727例）的中医证候特征进行分析。结果 PID以湿热蕴结证（占40.96%）、湿热瘀结证（占30.32%）、瘀热内结证（占10.64%）、热毒炽盛证（占7.89%）为常见证型;盆腔炎性疾病反复发作急性期以湿热瘀结证（占22.39%）、气滞血瘀夹湿热证（占22.39%）为常见证型;SPID非急性加重期以湿热瘀结证（占38.52%）为常见证型;其中慢性盆腔疼痛、盆腔炎性疾病反复发作、不孕症以湿热瘀结证为常见证型。PID患者湿热蕴结证、湿热瘀结证在所有地区的分布频率均较高,瘀热内结证、热毒炽盛证在西南地区分布较多;SPID患者的证型中,西南、华中、华南地区以湿热瘀结证、气滞血瘀证较多见,气虚血瘀证在华中、西北地区分布频率较高,肾虚血瘀证在华东、华北地区分布频率较高,寒湿凝滞证在西北、东北地区分布较多;中医证型与地区分布的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 PID和SPID中医证型分布具有一定规律性,地区分布存在一定差异性,可为临床因地制宜地辨证治疗PID提供一定的参考依据。     

媒介对三农作用指标体系的研究路径及功能

建立检测媒介对三农作用的指标体系,可以使媒介对三农作用的系列调查具有可比性与延续性,可以成为评价媒介作用、监测媒介发展状况的依据,并为政府有关部门提供决策依据.本文探讨了这一指标体系的研究路径,提出了应当以中国主流媒体的职责功能为出发点,以传播学为理论基础,以其功能说为维度.同时应当遵循定量与定性相统一、客观指标与主观指标相结合,指标应具有广泛的覆盖性并能加以量化等方面的原则.     

Taking cues from the government: heuristic versus systematic processing in a constitutional referendum

Abstract

One of the main criticisms of direct democracy is that it places excessive demands on voters. Are citizens competent enough to vote directly on policy issues? When stakes are high, do citizens mainly follow elites’ signals or do they decide in line with their issue preferences? This article addresses these questions in a multi-method setting by combining observational and experimental data from an original three-wave panel survey conducted during the 2016 Italian constitutional referendum. In particular, Finite Mixture Models are employed to model voters’ heterogeneous strategies of information processing. Findings show that heuristic voting based on government evaluation prevails over policy-related voting. More specifically, less politically sophisticated and partisan voters relied on government assessment as a heuristic, while sophisticated and independent voters based their decisions mostly on their assessment of the reform. Implications for the question of citizens’ competence in direct democracy are discussed.     

未成年人全面调查制度若干问题之探讨

未成年人全面调查制度是未成年人刑事司法制度的重要发展,具有正当性基础,但其中若干重要问题仍存在争议。该制度名称应为"未成年人全面调查制度",未成年人"社会调查制度"、"未成年人人格调查制度"的称谓均不准确。全面调查的主体既可以是公安机关、人民检察院和人民法院,也可以是经三机关委托或者许可的有关组织、机构和辩护人。全面调查报告属于证据。在制定有关未成年人的法律以及司法解释时需要"接力",但更要"给力"。     

Public servants or police soldiers? An analysis of opinions on the militarization of policing from police executives,law enforcement,and members of the 114th congress U.S. house of representatives

Despite the dramatic rise in use of militarized weapons, equipment, and tactics by police departments across the nation, no study has examined the opinions of those responsible for designing, funding, and implementing police militarization in the United States. Therefore this study collected and analyzed opinion data from 465 key stakeholders from the 114th Congress U.S. House of Representatives, law enforcement executives, and local police officers regarding police militarization. Results suggest that while most practitioners and policymakers favor police militarization, Congress and law enforcement differ in support of critical issues such as oversight of military procurement programs, use of surplus military weapons and vehicles, and overall support for the militarization of policing in the United States.     

警察心理压力问卷调查分析

警察职业是高风险、高负荷、高强度的"三高"职业,压力普遍较大。压力是外界要求与个体自身能力、或个体价值需求与外部条件不相匹配而产生的难以应付的身心紧张状态。通过对在职民警的警察心理压力问卷调查及相关分析、差异检验等实证的分析,进一步认清警察心理压力的产生。     

公众对网络监督的认知及其启示——基于一项上海市的问卷调查

调查显示：受访者对网络监督的作用有了较为一致的认同,但对当前网络监督的现状并不满意;公民网络政治参与的广泛性与积极性不够,存在网络监督冷漠现象;一些领导干部对网络监督的宽容心态还不够;多数受访者对网络监督寄予期待,并对实名制态度比较谨慎。调查启示我们：要让网络监督有更大作为,需要公共权力机关善待网络监督;面对网络监督,公共权力机关不能仅仅停留于建构回应机制,根本的还在于真正加强权力监督制度建设,提升自身的公信力;在全社会强化公民意识教育,积极培育网络监督主体;建立与完善网络反腐的相关法律。     

未成年人刑事案件社会调查报告之法律属性探析

未成年人刑事案件社会调查制度一方面体现了刑罚的教育感化功能,另一方面也符合我国一直坚持的＂教育、感化、挽救＂的少年司法指导方针。若要使该制度发挥其优越的法律和社会效果,关键是明晰社会调查报告的法律属性。只有将定罪程序与量刑程序相分离,以独立的量刑程序为研究视角,结合社会调查报告所记载之内容,才能准确界定其属于量刑证据材料。