Intractable Policy Failure: The Case of Bovine TB and Badgers

The failure to eliminate bovine TB from the English and Welsh cattle herd represents a long-term intractable policy failure. Cattle-to-cattle transmission of the disease has been underemphasised in the debate compared with transmission from badgers despite a contested evidence base. Archival evidence shows that mythical constructions of the badger have shaped the policy debate. Relevant evidence was incomplete and contested; alternative framings of the policy problem were polarised and difficult to reconcile; and this rendered normal techniques of stakeholder management through co-option and mediation of little assistance.     

马克思主义时代化的路径探析

时代性是马克思主义的本质属性。作为不断发展的理论,马克思主义的每一次历史性飞跃,都带有深刻的时代烙印,都是马克思、恩格斯、列宁、毛泽东、邓小平等马克思主义者在马克思主义基本原理的指导下精细考察时代特征、准确把握时代脉搏、深刻洞察时代趋势的基础上,把对马克思主义的"文本解读"与对各个历史时期的"时代解读"相结合,不断实现马克思主义时代化的过程。"文本解读"与"时代解读"相结合,是实现马克思主义时代化的根本途径。     

时间抑或地域——宪法学研究之中国性

学术研究有其存在的历史境域。对一个学科而言,只有在贴合具体的历史境域下讨论该学科的学术研究,讨论该学科的发展方向时才具有意义。从我国历史上看,宪法学研究从清末开始,到现在已有100多年,无论其几经沧海桑田,但它之所以可以沿称到现在,自有它自立的关切方法、问题和理论体系。中国宪法研究的中国性问题,不仅涉及宪法学在中国的时间性差别问题,也涉及其地域性差别问题。     

管制经济学“双失灵”难题的法经济学解答

“双失灵”是对西方管制经济学中市场调节——市场失灵——政府管制——政府失灵——市场调节这一理论形成过程的概括。然而这一理论思路却存在循环论证的逻辑错误，并且使经济学理论和实践陷入对市场和政府的两难选择。针对经济学分析方法的不足，可用法经济学分析的方法和理论，为“双失灵”难题的解决找到答案，即以法律规制解答市场经济条件下市场与政府的关系问题。     

Development and validation of the Cozart DDS oral fluid collection device

The testing of oral fluid for drugs of abuse has increased significantly over recent years and is now commonplace in drug rehabilitation clinics, the workplace, prisons and custody suites. The global problem of identifying drugged drivers has also led to an increase in oral fluid testing at the roadside. The main requirements for the implementation of roadside drug testing are a rapid sample collection time, collection of a known sample volume and recovery of drugs from the collection device. We report here the development of the Cozart^® DDS oral fluid collector, an oral fluid collector that combines rapid and adequate sample collection with satisfactory drug recovery. Oral fluid was collected from drug users (n = 134) and drug-free individuals (n = 137), using the Cozart^® DDS oral fluid collector. The mean time for the completion of collection (full coloration of the sample presence indicator) was 34 s for drug-free individuals and 44 s for drug users. The average volume collected was 0.34 mL (n = 271). No chemical stimulant (to induce salivation) was used to achieve the collection times observed in either the drug-free or the drug-taking sample populations. Drugs were extracted from the collector using the Cozart^® DDS buffer and drug recovery was determined by Cozart^® enzyme immunoassays. The recovery studies showed that for amphetamine, Δ⁹THC, cocaine, methadone, methamphetamine, morphine and temazepam over 90% of the drug in the sample was eluted from the collector. The Cozart^® DDS oral fluid collector provides a reliable mechanism for the collection of oral fluid at the roadside that achieves the rapid collection times required.     

转型时期制约行政监督效能提升的主体因素

本文分析了转型时期制约行政监督效能提升的五个主体因素，即效能理念、专业人才、策略运用、资源建设和有效管理，在此基础上对转型时期如何提升行政监督效能提出了相应的对策。     

弘扬与时俱进的理论品质把握科学发展观的深刻内涵

与时俱进是马克思主义的基本理论品质,是中国共产党保持强大生命力的根本要求,理论创新和实践创新是马克思主义与时俱进品质的具体体现,科学发展观是马克思主义基本理论的再发展,是推动中国社会主义现代化建设的重要理论命题.     

正确理解马克思的劳动价值理论

马克思主义经典作家关于资本主义社会的劳动和劳动价值的理论,揭示了当时资本主义生产方式的运行特点和基本矛盾.我们应该结合新的实际,在服务产品、分配制度等方面深化社会主义社会劳动和劳动价值理论的研究和认识.     

刑事案件超审限问题的原因及其对策

从考察人民法院刑事案件超审限存在的问题和原因入手,探讨建立科学、公正、高效的审判流程管理制度,以及健全立法,强化监督等解决案件超审限的基本思路。     

狭义刑法解释若干问题探析

刑法解释只能在确切的刑法含义范围内进行解释 ,而不能超出刑法含义容量的最大界限。刑法解释应该以“自解释确定之日起施行”更加合适。刑法解释的效力及于刑法的施行期间 ,对于该解释实施前已生效的处理结果 ,应当从有利于被告人的原则来决定是否改判。