浅议两汉时期的矫制（诏）现象

两汉时期,矫制(诏)现象频发,时代思潮、士大夫们昂扬的进取精神以及矫制(诏)无害法律制度是其成因。其中,矫制(诏)无害法律制度孕育于频发的矫制(诏)政治法律实践,并且成为矫制(诏)频发的制度保障。这个法律制度对汉以后中国传统法律制度的发展产生了深远的影响。     

论提供虚假财会报告罪

提供虚假财会报告罪是一种面临特定伦理基础的法定犯,也是国家通过刑法重建市场信用规则 的一种手段。该罪保护的法益(即犯罪客体)是一种超个人的社会法益,即公司的信息公开制度。 因此,提供虚假财会报告罪犯罪构成模式应由结果本位向行为本位转换,同时,在定罪时也要考 虑量的因索,处罚最值得处罚的行为。     

A Rapid and Efficient Method for Evaluation of Suspect Testimony: Palynological Scanning

A rapid method for evaluating suspect testimony is valuable at any stage in an inquiry and can result in a change of direction in an investigation. Rape cases, in particular, can present problems where a defendant renders DNA analysis redundant by claiming that the claimant consented to have sexual relations. Forensic palynology is valuable in confirming or eliminating locations as being crime scenes, thus checking the testimony of both parties. In contrast to some forensic disciplines, forensic palynology can provide critical information without time-consuming full analysis. Two cases are described where the palynological assemblages from comparator samples of pertinent places were compared with those obtained from clothing of claimants and defendants. The results of rapid microscopical scanning of relevant preparations led to early confessions, thus obviating the need for costly analyses and protracted court proceedings. A third case demonstrates the unbiased nature of this technique where a man, although innocent of any offense, lied about having visited the crime scene for fear of prosecution. This highlights the need for sensitive policing in claims of rape.     

我国虚假诉讼受害人救济方式的类型化分析

虚假诉讼问题涉及第三人撤销之诉、执行异议之诉、再审制度等复杂问题。现有研究没有脱离微观的具体概念、制度规定,较少从更为宏观的视角进行探究。本文试图引入新的研究思路,从虚假诉讼受害人救济方式出发,用时间标准进行梳理,区分“法院是否赋予第三人参与诉讼机会”和“第三人是否实际参加诉讼”来进行类型化研究,探究我国民事诉讼法中对于虚假诉讼受害人的救济缺陷,寻求完善策略。     

《国家赔偿法》第17条第(一)项适用之探讨

在国家不承担刑事赔偿责任的六种法定情形中,对于《国家赔偿法》第17条第(一)项的理解存在着较大的分歧,导致法律适用不一。以国家赔偿的归责原则为基础,探求刑事诉讼各阶段“公民自己故意作虚伪供述,或者伪造其他有罪证据”与刑事赔偿的关系,进而对《国家赔偿法》第17条第(一)项国家不承担赔偿责任的法定情形提出司法与立法建议。     

论犯罪分子实施犯罪后的反常行为与侦查破案

犯罪分子在实施了犯罪行为后,往往会出现各种各样的反常,这主要是由人的心理因素所决定的。犯罪后的紧张心理是造成反常的主要因素。同时,反常也受到犯罪人的个性特点、个人交往以及案件情况、侦查活动等因素的制约和影响。在侦查中,要注意反常的各种行为表现和假象反常,分析反常产生的原因,为侦查提供线索,以发现嫌疑对象。     

论违规披露、不披露重要信息罪的可能性失灵——以收益权凭证交易为例证

信息披露制度是金融监管法律制度的核心内容,需要刑法保护。为确保刑法调整信息披露制度的有效性,"违规披露、不披露重要信息罪"在原《刑法》条文的基础上,对主体、客观行为和行为结果都进行了修订完善。新的金融产品的出现使"违规披露、不披露重要信息罪"出现了漏洞,面临可能性失灵的现实问题,收益权凭证交易这一新型合成型资产证券化产品就是例证。创新资产证券化产品,监管部门要依据其交易特征,出台相应监管规则,注重完善信息披露制度,防止"违规披露、不披露重要信息罪"的可能性失灵。     

NUMBERS

正157Number of Taiwanfunded enterprises in the China(Shanghai)Pilot Free Trade Zone,with gross registered capital of$270 million13.44mln yuan Compensation that China’s distillery Wuliangye agreed to offer to investors for an alleged"false statement"     

Fingerprint error rate on close non‐matches

The accuracy of fingerprint identifications is critically important to the administration of criminal justice. Accuracy is challenging when two prints from different sources have many common features and few dissimilar features. Such print pairs, known as close non‐matches (CNMs), are increasingly likely to arise as ever‐growing databases are searched with greater frequency. In this study, 125 fingerprint agencies completed a mandatory proficiency test that included two pairs of CNMs. The false‐positive error rates on the two CNMs were 15.9% (17 out of 107, 95% C.I.: 9.5%, 24.2%) and 28.1% (27 out of 96, 95% C.I.: 19.4%, 38.2%), respectively. These CNM error rates are (a) inconsistent with the popular notion that fingerprint evidence is nearly infallible, and (b) larger than error rates reported in leading fingerprint studies. We conclude that, when the risk of CNMs is high, the probative value of a reported fingerprint identification may be severely diminished due to an elevated false‐positive error risk. We call for additional CNM research, including a replication and expansion of the present study using a representative selection of CNMs from database searches.     

虚假共犯的可归责性初探

虚假共犯的可归责性讨论了行为人假装具有犯罪意图,客观上实施了帮助或者鼓励实行犯的行为,是否能被归责的问题。虚假共犯是否具备共犯的犯罪心态是该问题的核心。美国判例倾向于共犯心态的着力点在对犯罪结果的共同认识。在实用主义指导下,虚假共犯＂不可告人的动机＂与犯罪心态的界限会受到模糊,从而平衡现实利益,达到实质正义。