ADR与我国代替性纠纷解决机制的建立

ADR即代替性纠纷解决方式是在利益冲突多元化、社会关系复杂化和法院弊端日益显露的社会背景下发展起来的,以追 求纠纷的高效率、低成本解决为目标。我国纠纷解决机制发展经过了三个阶段,我国有必要建立代替性纠纷解决机制。     

戒律、家规、国法与中国古代社会的秩序调控

中国古代社会在寻求自己的秩序调控方式过程中,基于自身文化环境的特点,形成了以宗教戒律为个体层、以家规为宗族层、以国法为社会层的独特社会秩序调控系统。它具备多层次、强渗透、全方位的特性,为古代社会秩序的长期和谐稳定带来了基于制度而又超越制度的有力保障。     

警察机关干预家庭暴力法律问题的几点思考

我国现有的警察机关干预家庭暴力的法律法规存在着重事后处置,忽视事前预防,重行政、刑事处罚,忽视民事责任承担等问题,因此,必须予以完善。应充分运用好现有的授权性规范,强化警察机关干预家庭暴力的责任意识;协调相关立法,增强可操作性;处理好隐私权与知情权、公力救济与当事人救济申请主动权之间的关系。     

完善新农村建设中的矛盾化解机制

新农村建设是中国农村社会一次重大变革,也是又一次农村利益大调整运动。当前,由于农民身份的转换、利益交换的频繁、基层组织控制的松弛和流动的增多,农村纠纷与矛盾也日益增多,其原因是多方面的,这已经严重影响了我国的新农村建设顺利进行。为此,建立完善的农村纠纷与矛盾化解机构,是当前新农村建设的重要任务。     

CRITIQUE OF CHILD CUSTODY EVALUATIONS BY THE LEGAL PROFESSION

This study explored the congruency between child custody evaluations and the needs of the legal profession. One hundred twenty-one judges and attorneys were surveyed. In general, both groups expressed similar attitudes and beliefs. Findings indicated that court-ordered evaluations were most useful, and objectivity was paramount. Judges and attorneys also expressed a need for improvements in child custody reports, particularly greater child focus, provision of custody and visitation recommendations, discussion of legal criteria, and timely completion of evaluations. It is hoped that the findings will inform professional practice and help evaluators better serve the needs of the family court.     

纠纷解决与和谐社会

和谐社会并不是没有纠纷的社会,而是要从法律的角度把不和谐的纠纷控制在最小的范围内,使社会呈现出稳定而有序的状态。诉讼虽然是现代社会中纠纷解决机制中的最主要的纠纷解决方式,但其并不是唯一的纠纷解决机制。通过诉讼与人民调解等非诉讼纠纷解决机制的科学配置及时的化解社会矛盾是实现和建构和谐社会的关键所在。     

Exposure to Family Violence in Young At-Risk Children: A Longitudinal Look at the Effects of Victimization and Witnessed Physical and Psychological Aggression

This study examines the contribution of specific types of family violence exposure (e.g., victim vs. witness; physical vs. psychological) to aggressive and anxious/depressed problem behaviors in young (i.e., 6-year-old) at-risk children. This multisite prospective study of 682 children from four different regions of the country asked mothers and their 6-year-old children to report on violence exposure in their families. After controlling for mother reports of child problem behaviors on the Child Behavior Checklist at Age 4, it was found that subsequent exposure to family violence predicted reported problem behaviors at Age 6. Although mothers' report of child victimization predicted subsequent problem behaviors, witnessed violence was related to these problems only when both mothers and children reported its occurrence. The results of this study suggest that even though there was a relationship between witnessed and directly experienced family violence, both had independent, noninteractive effects on subsequent behavior problems.     

论医疗纠纷的代替性解决机制

由于在纠纷解决方面所表现出来的简便、经济、快捷、专业性及保密性强等优点 ,代替性纠纷解决机制———ADR(Alternativedisputeresolution )逐渐成为许多国家和地区解决民事纠纷的一大趋势。我国现行医疗纠纷解决机制仍存在着一些问题 ,有待于进一步的改革与完善。根据我国所面临的实际情况 ,将SDR引入医疗纠纷领域是一条快速、有效地解决医疗纠纷的途径。医疗纠纷的代替性解决机制主要包括仲裁、调解以及和解。这三种纠纷解决方式各具特点 ,适用于不同情况下医疗纠纷的解决。     

A multivariate investigation of dating aggression

This study investigated the following variables for their unique and combined contributions to dating aggression: exposure to aggression in the family of origin (witnessing interparental aggression or being the victim of aggressive parenting); attitudes justifying dating aggression (when humiliated or in selfdefense); child-to-parent aggression; child sexual abuse; violent sexual victimization; alcohol use; and socioeconomic status. One hundred and eleven male and 179 female undergraduates reported on their own aggressive behaviors directed toward dating partners. Together, the predictor variables accounted for 41% of the variance in male-to-female aggression but only 16% of the female-to-male aggression. Humiliation, as a justification for dating aggression, contributes to the prediction of both males' and females' dating aggression, while self-defense, although a highly endorsed condition for justifying dating aggression, does not predict actual aggressive behavior. Exposure to interparental aggression plus the product between exposure and humiliation contribute to the prediction of males' dating aggression but exposure does not play a role in females' dating aggression. Violent sexual victimization contributes unique variance to both males' and females' dating aggression. The present data highlight the importance of examining specific circumstances under which males and females justify dating aggression and how such attitudes condoning aggression affect actual behaviors.