中小学生家庭教育现状的调查报告

我国独生子女在家长的倍加关爱下,常常以自我为中心,缺少合作意识,心理常有孤独感和寂寞感。传统家庭教育又存在着过度重视知识教育、缺少规划和指导等问题。新型的家庭教育应尊重孩子人格的发展,在价值取向上从知识型教育转向素质教育,使家庭教育逐步走向科学化。     

青少年家庭道德影响与学校德育抵触现象探析

在当前的青少年教育中,存在着家庭道德影响与学校德育抵触现象,在德育思想观念、家长教养方式、对德育手段的理解上都存在着种种抵触。对此,家长应自觉提高素质,改变成才观念,理解教育者意图;学校应重视学生德育内化,加强与家长的沟通联系,变愿景教育为现实教育,增强学生的道德判断力和自觉抵御不良干扰的能力。     

Long-Term Follow-Up of Young Children Placed in Foster Care: Subsequent Placements and Exposure to Family Violence

This study examined the quality or characteristics of permanent placements at 6 years of age for 254 children who had been removed from their homes prior to attaining 3.5 years of age (mean = 13 months). Although the primary objective when removing children is protection, subsequent permanent placements are prioritized by federal legislation with a stable family environment, especially one with the biological parent(s), being preferred. Three a priori comparisons (i.e., reunified vs. nonreunified, adopted vs. foster care, relative vs. nonrelative foster care) were conducted for caregiver and child reports of exposure to family violence. The results indicate that both reunified children and their parents report more family violence (witnessed and child victimization) than do nonreunified children and their caregivers. Adoptive parents did report that they used more minor violence in disciplining their children than did foster caregivers, but their children reported witnessing significantly less physical violence in the home. Recognizing that the development of children removed from their homes because of maltreatment is likely a function of both the maltreatment as well as the quality of subsequent family experiences (i.e., violence exposure), implications of the findings for determining placements are discussed.     

论我国人口政策的法制化建设

全国和地方性人口与计划生育法律法规的颁布,标志着国家通过法律的形式,确立了计划生育基本国策的法律地位。为了应对现行人口政策出现的问题,各地区对计划生育条例进行了修订修正,以适应人口政策转型升级的需要。     

早产儿视网膜病变及其与吸氧的因果关系

早产儿视网膜病变主要发生于眼球发育不完善的新生儿,常会导致盲目或眼球萎缩等严重后果。该病的发病原因众多,较多学者认为与血氧浓度过高或过低有一定关系。在因ROP引致的纠纷中,吸氧治疗与疾病的因果关系常成为需要认定的重要问题。在进行此类案件的鉴定时,应当考虑多方面因素,全面分析,综合判断。     

戒律、家规、国法与中国古代社会的秩序调控

中国古代社会在寻求自己的秩序调控方式过程中,基于自身文化环境的特点,形成了以宗教戒律为个体层、以家规为宗族层、以国法为社会层的独特社会秩序调控系统。它具备多层次、强渗透、全方位的特性,为古代社会秩序的长期和谐稳定带来了基于制度而又超越制度的有力保障。     

警察机关干预家庭暴力法律问题的几点思考

我国现有的警察机关干预家庭暴力的法律法规存在着重事后处置,忽视事前预防,重行政、刑事处罚,忽视民事责任承担等问题,因此,必须予以完善。应充分运用好现有的授权性规范,强化警察机关干预家庭暴力的责任意识;协调相关立法,增强可操作性;处理好隐私权与知情权、公力救济与当事人救济申请主动权之间的关系。     

CRITIQUE OF CHILD CUSTODY EVALUATIONS BY THE LEGAL PROFESSION

This study explored the congruency between child custody evaluations and the needs of the legal profession. One hundred twenty-one judges and attorneys were surveyed. In general, both groups expressed similar attitudes and beliefs. Findings indicated that court-ordered evaluations were most useful, and objectivity was paramount. Judges and attorneys also expressed a need for improvements in child custody reports, particularly greater child focus, provision of custody and visitation recommendations, discussion of legal criteria, and timely completion of evaluations. It is hoped that the findings will inform professional practice and help evaluators better serve the needs of the family court.     

Exposure to Family Violence in Young At-Risk Children: A Longitudinal Look at the Effects of Victimization and Witnessed Physical and Psychological Aggression

This study examines the contribution of specific types of family violence exposure (e.g., victim vs. witness; physical vs. psychological) to aggressive and anxious/depressed problem behaviors in young (i.e., 6-year-old) at-risk children. This multisite prospective study of 682 children from four different regions of the country asked mothers and their 6-year-old children to report on violence exposure in their families. After controlling for mother reports of child problem behaviors on the Child Behavior Checklist at Age 4, it was found that subsequent exposure to family violence predicted reported problem behaviors at Age 6. Although mothers' report of child victimization predicted subsequent problem behaviors, witnessed violence was related to these problems only when both mothers and children reported its occurrence. The results of this study suggest that even though there was a relationship between witnessed and directly experienced family violence, both had independent, noninteractive effects on subsequent behavior problems.