农村家庭结构变化对家庭成员心理的影响及其对策

改革开放以来,我国农村传统的家庭结构发生了巨大的变化,完整的家庭逐渐分化为由留守儿童、空巢老人组成的农村留守家庭和由青壮年农民工组成的城镇流动家庭两部分。由于家庭成员在当前经济转型时期仍属弱势群体,因而较易出现心理问题。心理科学应研究他们的心理健康状况,帮助他们树立科学的家庭理念,建立健康的心灵家园,使心理科学在社会主义新农村建设中发挥出支持作用。     

从“家庭”走向“社群”——“都市中产全职妈妈”社会参与的路径与价值探析

两百年来的妇女解放道路一直强调妇女要走出家庭、参与生产,但却并未真正回应现代社会养育责任私人化所带来的双重负担问题。本文通过对四川省成都市一个以全职妈妈为主体的志愿者服务队的成立背景、发展路径、积极影响与限制因素的考察,剖析了现代社会城市女性面临的孕产和育儿困境,以及她们如何借助外部环境和资源优势走出私人家庭内部空间,在社区层面上进行支持与互助。这类群体的社会参与和自我成长也为我们反思"家庭—市场"二元悖论下的女性困境及其突破提供了新的可能与方向。     

论中世纪英国教会的婚姻家庭法

伴随着西罗马帝国的灭亡,基督教会在中世纪的西欧逐渐取得相对独立的地位,并在一个相当长的历史时期对当时人们的生活产生了极其重要的影响。这种影响表现在法律领域便是一种所谓教会法的问世,由此反映出基督教会对于当时世俗生活的积极引导抑或干预。其中,教会的婚姻家庭法构成了教会法的一个重要的部分。英国的基督教化的历史始于公元597年。从此,英国与这一宗教即结下了不解之缘。英国统一的教会组织体系建立于盎格鲁—撒克逊时期。但是,自征服者威廉一世禁止百户区法院受理宗教案件后,英国才出现独立的教会法院并开始了对婚姻家庭等方面的积极干预。     

Understanding how foster families use humor within the resiliency process

Humor serves as a protective factor in the resiliency process for many, reducing stress and helping children and adults cope with difficult circumstances. Humor can lighten a situation and relieve tension but can also be misinterpreted in response to serious circumstances. Providing foster care can be a challenging process as families open up their homes to care for children who have experienced maltreatment. Despite challenges, many foster families are able to sustain fostering. The importance of humor was highlighted as a protective factor for foster families in the current study. Understanding the use of humor offers important implications.     

Developmental Trajectories and Intentional Actions

The article turns a critical eye on problems arising from use of largesamples and complicated statistics to handle multilevel designs. I arguethat although these have a legitimate role to play in discovering causalrelations, valuable information can be lost or distorted in the processof their use. Exploratory classification and tree diagrams show howtransitional analyses can unpack effects of community, family, priormisbehavior, juvenile delinquency, and incarceration on adult criminalbehavior. The analyses showed that in the worst neighborhoods, disruptivebehavior had little discriminating power with regard to juveniledelinquency or adult crime. They showed also that good family interactionsserve as protection against crime in all types of neighborhoods. ConstructTheory, I suggest, is a way to understand the influences that seem toproduce criminal behavior.     

Verbal Aggression Among Male Alcoholic Patients and Their Wives in the Year Before and Two Years After Alcoholism Treatment

Our earlier reports on 88 male alcoholics and their wives showed that domestic violence decreased significantly in the first and second year following a behavioral marital therapy (BMT) alcoholism treatment program. The present study examined verbal aggression in this same sample. In the year before BMT, verbal aggression was significantly greater—being five to seven times more prevalent for clinically elevated aggression and substantially more frequent—for the alcoholic husbands and their wives than for a demographically matched, nonalcoholic comparison sample. In the two years after BMT, both alcoholic men and their wives showed significant and substantial reductions in verbal aggression as compared with the year before BMT. Despite these significant reductions from the year before BMT, verbal aggression in the two years after BMT remained significantly elevated relative to demographically similar nonalcoholic controls. As predicted, relapsed alcoholics and their wives showed more verbal aggression in the 2 years after BMT than both couples with a remitted alcoholic husband and demographically similar nonalcoholic controls, whereas remitted alcoholics and their wives had similar levels of verbal aggression to the nonalcoholic controls. Further, frequency of drinking was positively correlated with verbal aggression in the 2 years after BMT; verbal aggression was greater when the alcoholic husband drank more frequently.     

Equality and Distributions of Inheritance in Families

Inheritance distributions in families involve people in deciding about the meaning and application of equality. Using a distributive justice perspective, this study used hypothetical vignettes to examine 89 older adults' judgements about inheritance distributions to children under systematically varied conditions related to a child's relative deservedness or need. Participants endorsed the cultural norm of equal distribution where there was little information about circumstances. When they knew an adult child's circumstances, 80 percent of participants qualified their adherence to equality in situations that evoke other distributive principles which are important in families, for example, reciprocity and responsiveness to need. Decisions about inheritance distributions involve adapting social norms to different family circumstances, taking account of specific roles and relationships, and giving personal meanings to the concept of equality.     

Folktales of Legality: Family Law in the Procedural Republic The Narrative Structure of Family Law

This article explores the narrative structure offamily law where divorce is available on ground ofirretrievable breakdown following separation for oneyear. It argues that contemporary no-fault regimesexemplify law's procedural republic, a space with itsown legal, ethical and political requirements whichhas little if any connection to the life-worlds of theparties. Through an analysis of intractable parentingdisputes it argues that the interaction of no-faultdivorce, the requirement to have regard to the bestinterests of the child and the principle that childrenhave a right to contact with both parents has led tothe creation of particular narrative forms. Thesenarrative forms are characterised by their absolutismand map the unresolved grievances surrounding maritalbreakdown onto parenting disputes where the statutoryrequirements map them onto particular narratives andcounter-narratives. In this process, the narrativesof expert witnesses play an increasingly prominentrole, as do the naïve narratives put forward bylitigants in person. The article argues that thesenarratives are, in important ways, fictions and thatthey are compelled by the procedural requirements ofno-fault divorce. It argues further that thesefictions are a consequence of the empty narrative spaceat the heart of family law.     

真实型领导对员工幸福感的影响研究——自我效能感与工作和家庭真实性的链式中介

员工的工作幸福感不仅对提高组织绩效至关重要,更有助于经济和社会的可持续发展.研究从依恋理论、社会学习理论等视角,构建并验证了真实型领导影响员工幸福感的链式中介模型,具体包括:自我效能感在真实型领导与员工幸福感之间的中介作用,工作和家庭真实性在真实型领导与员工幸福感之间的中介作用,以及自我效能感与工作和家庭真实性在真实型...     

Sacrifice for the family: representation and practice of stay-at-home fathers in the intersection of masculinity and class in Hong Kong

With changing socio-economic conditions, some men choose to become stay-at-home fathers in Hong Kong. Although they constitute only about .5% of the total male population, they have captured widespread media attention in recent years. This paper is an exploratory study on the gender representation of stay-at-home fathers in newspapers, and their identity and practice in real life in relation to the construction of masculinity in the Asian context, with particular focus on the intersection of masculinity and social class. Although stay-at-home fathers have given up their traditional breadwinner role, the media continue to portray them in terms of conventional masculinity. Contrary to the findings in Western society, this paper, which is based on Bourdieu’s practice theory, reports that middle-class men in Hong Kong with social and cultural capital are less reflexive in their gender habitus to accept their carer identity, whereas working-class fathers, who lack the appropriate capital to resume their provider status, define themselves as carers who are responsible to the family. As the identity of provider is still central to men, the emergence of this new fatherhood is only a refashioning of the traditional role of fathers and thus does not challenge the existing gender structure.