Similarity in husbands and wives party family preference in the Netherlands

Using insights from theories on marital homogamy and political behaviour, this research examines the tendency of husbands and wives to vote for the same party family. It disentangles the extent to which similarity in party family preference can be explained by (1) partners choosing one another because of their shared socio-economic position and (2) partners influencing one another. For this purpose, we conducted probit regression models with instrumental variables using data from the 2000 and 2003 Dutch Family Survey. Using instrumental variables to analyze endogenous relationships, we found that Dutch partners tend to support parties belonging to the same party family (left, confessional or right). There is some support for the idea that similarity in preference for a leftist and confessional party is – at least partly – a by-product of ‘self-selection’, i.e. the preference for a partner who is similar in socio-economic characteristics to oneself. As regards rightist voting, there does not seem to be an effect of similarity in socio-economic characteristics. Similarity in preference for a rightist party rather seems to be uniquely the result of mutual influence.     

The impact of the family and medical leave act

This article uses data from employer surveys and the March Current Population Survey to investigate the impact of the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) on coverage, leave‐taking, employment, and earnings. The variation in state laws prior to the FMLA and the variation in coverage under the FMLA provides a “natural experiment” in which the effect of the law can be compared for treatment and con‐trol groups. Although the FMLA covers less than half of workers in the private sector (many of whom already had coverage pre‐FMLA), this article finds that leave cover‐age and usage did increase post‐FMLA. The other surprising finding is that this mandated benefit had no significant negative effects on women's employment or wages. ©1999 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.     

云南民族间通婚的家庭类型与人口结构研究

云南各民族之间在婚姻家庭和生育上具有显著的文化差异性 ,这种差异引起了民族混合家庭的基本关系和制度上的变化 ,并最终导致其家庭人口与代际结构的相应变化。人口数据显示了民族混合家庭偏离各自民族主导家庭模式的特点。     

于成龙家训:家国共建有德有“分”社会

家训以治家训子为本务。好的家训既是家族繁荣的重要保障,也是国家文化的重要体现。一代廉吏于成龙的家训,蕴含着家国共建有德有“分”社会的治家治国理念与路径。于成龙家训立意于家国共建,主张通过官员改善家风来引领社会风气,实现国家风清气正。“德”是其思想内核,包括孝敬不违礼、勤俭不奢靡、宽仁不刻薄、公道不欺诈、高洁并立志五种美德。“分”是其精魂所在,通过要求家族成员遵守在家庭与社会中的本分、随分而行,来实现家国的和谐稳定。于成龙家训以训治家、以家治国,最终谋求家、国的共同发展,具有典范意义。     

Living in Partner-violent Families: Developmental Links to Antisocial Behavior and Relationship Violence

Links between living in a partner-violent home and subsequent aggressive and antisocial behavior are suggested by the “cycle of violence” hypothesis derived from social learning theory. Although there is some empirical support, to date, findings have been generally limited to cross-sectional studies predominantly of young children, or retrospective studies of adults. We address this issue with prospective data from the Rochester Youth Development Study (RYDS), an ongoing longitudinal investigation of the development of antisocial behavior in a community sample of 1,000 urban youth followed from age 14 to adulthood. The original panel included 68% African American, 17% Hispanic, and 15% White participants, and was 72.9% male, and 27.1% female. Measures come from a combination of sources including interviews with parents, interviews with youth, and official records. We test the general hypothesis that there is a relationship between living in partner-violent homes during adolescence, and later antisocial behavior and relationship violence. Employing logistic regression and controlling for related covariates, including child physical abuse, we find a significant relationship between exposure to parental violence and adolescent conduct problems. The relationship between exposure to parental violence and measures of antisocial behavior and relationship aggression dissipates in early adulthood, however, exposure to severe parental violence is significantly related to early adulthood violent crime, and intimate partner violence. Our results suggest that exposure to severe parental violence during adolescence is indeed consequential for violent interactions in adulthood.

Double Lives, Double Narratives: Tracing the Story of the Family in Rousseau, the Swiss Civil Code and the Fathers’ Rights Debates

A recent parliamentary postulate in Switzerland calling for joint custody as the legal norm argues that fathers are discriminated against in Swiss divorce law. This postulate has incited a debate which circles around issues of equality, the role of fathers and mothers, and the good of the child. Our article, uniting approaches from literature, cultural studies, and science and technology studies, examines the arguments sparked by the debate with a view to different takes on gender and family. In doing so, it traces the roots of contemporary Swiss family law in the Rousseauian narrative of family life in Emile ou de l’education; it explores the manner in which scientific knowledge is marshaled to lend political legitimacy to current debate; and it asks finally how narrative bridges the gap between public discourse and lived experience.

试论预防和制止家庭暴力的对策

家庭暴力案件近年来呈上升趋势,多发生在“四低”家庭,手段残忍,知识分子家庭施暴比例增大,已成为严重的社会问题。家庭暴力直接严重地侵犯公民的合法权益,损害社会的基本细胞,影响社会的基本稳定,破坏社会和谐。根据家庭暴力的复杂性采取积极的防治对策,应努力提升公民的自身修养与素质,建立起有效消除家庭暴力的防御机制,建立健全预防和制止家庭暴力的法律、法规体系及解决家庭暴力的组织机构与基本的社会救助联动系统,从而使社会最基本细胞的健康得以有效地维护,促进整个社会的健康发展与和谐稳定。     

试论家庭暴力的危害性及其干预体系的建立

家庭暴力对社会危害极其严重,它不仅严重侵犯人权,破坏家庭的稳定与和谐,甚至引发一系列社会问题,＂以暴抗暴＂,进而导致伤害、杀人犯罪。同时,家庭暴力在一定程度上与社会丑恶现象紧密相关,使社会不稳定因素大量增加。解决家庭暴力既要依靠法律途径,更要靠全社会的共同关注与努力。为了使家庭暴力受害者能够用法律武器保护自己,要建立健全反家庭暴力的法律体系,同时通过全社会共同努力建立起完善的家庭暴力干预体系,从而有效地预防和制止家庭暴力,促进社会和谐与人类文明。     

溢出—交叉视角下工作能量对双职工夫妻家庭关系能量的影响研究

为了揭示工作能量对家庭关系能量的影响及过程机制,本研究从夫妻二元体角度构建了一个溢出—交叉模型。研究运用结构方程模型对98对双职工夫妻的配对数据进行分析,结果表明：（1）工作能量与员工自身家庭关系能量正相关;（2）丈夫工作—家庭冲突完全中介丈夫工作能量对家庭关系能量的影响,而妻子工作—家庭冲突部分中介妻子工作能量对家庭关系能量的影响;（3）夫妻之间的家庭关系能量存在对称的直接交叉效应;（4）丈夫的工作能量水平能够直接影响妻子的家庭关系能量;而妻子的工作能量只能通过提升自身家庭关系能量的方式进而影响丈夫的家庭关系能量。本研究能够帮助双职工夫妻缓解工作—家庭冲突带来的压力,营造良好的家庭互动环境。     

托尔斯泰作品中女性地位初探

托尔斯泰作品中的女性形象鲜活生动,在世界文学史中占有重要地位。从这一系列女性的遭遇和历史所赋予她们的不同命运来分析其历史必然性和个体的悲剧性。女性的社会角色和地位是历史发展的反映,因此,研究托尔斯泰时期女性地位的历史印记和女性个体的命运抗争,更好地反映俄国资产阶级萌芽时期的社会现状,证明女性的生活自主权、社会地位和经济自主权之间的关系。