The Effects of Continuous Application of the TASER X26 Waveform on Sus scrofa,

This study investigated and evaluated the safety margins of the continuous long duration (up to 30 min) effect of the TASER X26 waveform, using a Sus scrofa model. Long duration continuous stimulus has not been evaluated on humans or human surrogates prior to this study. Swine were used as models due to similarities with humans in their skin and cardiovascular systems. Very long duration was used to determine both exposure dose and possible adverse physiological effects of dose. The trial began with an application of 10 min, and subsequent animals received increasing exposure time up to a survived maximum duration of 30 min. At the onset of this work, it was hypothesized that there would be a time limit after which most animals would not survive consistent with increased dose response. However, this hypothesis was not supported by the experimental results. All animals (10 of 10) survived up to 3 min. Seven of the 10 animals survived up to a 10‐min exposure and 3 of 5 animals with a 30‐min target exposure survived the full exposure. Surviving animals were recovered and observed for 24 h, with no postrecovery deaths. This suggests that swine (based on physiology) will not experience a fatal event when exposed to the TASER X26 for a continuous 3 min. Conclusions regarding longer duration (10–30 min) are not as certain due to the small sample sizes at these time intervals.     

Fatalities Due to Indigenous and Exotic Species in Florida

Florida's climate is suitable for many potentially hazardous animals, including both indigenous and exotic species, which are frequently kept as in zoos or as pets. This has resulted in many unforeseen fatal encounters between animals and the ever expanding human population. While the literature and knowledge pool for more common types of deaths referred to medical examiner/coroner's offices is abundant, the appreciation of wildlife and exotic pet‐related deaths is far less widespread. We report seven animal attack‐related deaths that occurred in Florida. The inflicted injuries included blunt and sharp force injuries, asphyxia, drowning, and envenomation. The underlying cause of death, however, was always a result of the human/animal interaction and in many cases related to human error and failure to appreciate the potentially dangerous behavior of nondomesticated species. These cases illustrate the varied circumstances and pathophysiologies associated with deaths due to indigenous and exotic species and the importance of the multidisciplinary approach in the medicolegal investigation of these cases.     

试论我国动物福利法制度的构建

随着社会的发展、人类文明的进步和道德水平的提升,动物福利日益成为一个新的学界热点。当动物福利立法成为一种国际趋势,中国同样需要顺应这一潮流,弥补这一方面的空白。文章对动物福利立法进行了一个概括性的介绍,并在分析我国动物福利立法现状的同时立足于我国的现实国情和现有法律基础,有选择地借鉴国外的立法经验,提出了对构建符合我国国情的动物福利法制度的设想。     

山羊痘病毒的鉴定及序列分析

以华中地区某山羊场疑似山羊痘病料为对象,进行了本动物病例复制、透射电镜观察、病理切片HE染色、特异性目的基因扩增和序列测定及遗传进化关系分析。结果,复制了山羊痘本动物模型,观察到山羊痘病毒(GTPV)样粒子,切片HE染色可见有炎性细胞浸润,病料中扩增到P32基因;序列测定及遗传分析表明,该病毒为山羊痘病毒(ZL/HB/HN),与2008年分离于印度的山羊痘毒株(FJ748488)的遗传关系最近,与中国山羊痘疫苗株(AY881707)及1978年分离于印度的山羊毒株(AY382869)同属一个进化分支。     

改进我国动物卫生监管体系建设措施的探讨

通过分析我国动物卫生监管体系和动物卫生监督工作现状,指出了存在的突出问题,提出了完善我国检疫监管体系的措施建议,期望为我国动物卫生监督体系建设提供参考。     

“不法侵害”范围辨析

不法侵害是刑法中正当防卫的对象。不法侵害的范围应限定为,普通人针对一般法益、重大法益,或无责任能力人针对重大法益所实施的具有急迫攻击性、侵害性,并能够为防卫行为有效控制的违法犯罪行为。能够在客观上归咎于人的动物的重大侵袭,也可以成为不法侵害。     

动物画作的著作权研究——以实证主义为视角

动物的画作在实践中被展览、拍卖,涉及到诸多权利义务关系,需要法律来确认和调整。动物是否可以成为法律主体,长久以来存在激烈的争论。但是,为了满足社会的发展需求,及时处理新问题,我们可以确认动物在著作权法中的主体地位。采取类似无民事行为能力人的模式,赋予主人一定的法定代理权。     

曲马多依赖大鼠动物模型建立的实验研究

目的建立曲马多依赖大鼠动物模型。方法 30只大鼠平均分为3组,观察以60mg/kg曲马多灌胃给药与停药戒断过程中大鼠的身体依赖和精神依赖表现。结果曲马多依赖组大鼠在给药后15min内,对声音及触摸刺激反应性增高,奔跑、跳跃、竖尾等现象为3.9±0.4次/只,明显高于对照组的0.5±0.1次/只(P<0.05);条件性位置偏爱实验中,曲马多依赖组大鼠明显偏爱给药的白箱(P<0.05)。而戒断组在停止给药后出现烦躁不安、高度激惹、尖叫等行为4.9±0.7次/只,高于依赖组的0.6±0.2次/只(P<0.05);依赖组与戒断组大鼠体重明显下降(P<0.05)。结论以60mg/kg灌胃给药112d,大鼠对曲马多产生依赖,曲马多依赖大鼠动物模型建立成功。     

动物DNA分析在法庭科学中的应用

近年来,在法庭科学领域中,遇到越来越多的非人类DNA分型的问题,特别是来源于动物本身或者是动物的分泌物。作为证据,通过对犯罪现场非人类DNA的分型,不但可以知道在何地对何人或何物实施犯罪,而且,如果犯罪的实施方是动物,也可以知道其来自哪里。目前,在法医学领域,有关动物DNA分析方法的标准较少。根据国际法医遗传学会最新的研究成果,综述动物DNA在法庭科学中的应用现状和相关建议。     

甲基苯丙胺染毒动物模型的建立与评价

苯丙胺类中枢兴奋剂是21世纪最广泛滥用的毒品.甲基苯丙胺(methamphetamine,MA)的中毒机理、精神依赖性、耐药性以及治疗药物的研发是当前研究的热点.MA中毒动物模型的建立是研究MA相关问题的基础.MA动物模型建立的规范化和标准化对以后MA的进一步研究奠定了实验基础.本文结合国内外关于MA中毒动物的文献资料,通过对MA急性、亚急性以及慢性中毒动物模型研究的论述.对造模原理、造模方法 和评价标准进行了探讨,并指出建立以动物为主体的MA中毒模型来进行相关实验研究的必要性以及重要性.