野生动物棘球绦虫感染检测方法的研究进展

论述了棘球绦虫野生动物宿主的种类、分布与感染情况,介绍了剖检法、粪抗原-ELISA检测方法、分子生物学检测方法等棘球绦虫感染检测方法的研究进展,并提出了存在的问题及解决途径,为野生动物棘球绦虫(蚴)病的控制与诊断提供指导。     

欧盟动物源性食品安全法律问题研究

全球范围内恶性食源性动物传染病的频发推动了欧盟食品法的改革。本文介绍了欧盟动物源性食品安全的法律体系、管理机构和生产者责任,并在此基础上按照“从农场到餐桌”的整个食品链思路,进一步评析了欧盟动物源性食品安全管理中的可追溯性制度、危害分析和关键控制点制度、食品和饲料快速预警系统和食品标识制度,最后总结出了欧盟动物源性食品安全法律政策对我国的应有启示。     

Testing the Use of Pigs as Human Proxies in Decomposition Studies

Pigs are a common human analogue in taphonomic study, yet data comparing the trajectory of decomposition between the two groups are lacking. This study compared decomposition rate and gross tissue change in 17 pigs and 22 human remains placed in the Forensic Investigation Research Station in western Colorado between 2012 and 2015. Accumulated degree days (ADD) were used to assess the number of thermal units required to reach a given total body score (TBS) (1) which was used as the measure of decomposition. A comparison of slopes in linear mixed effects model indicated that decomposition rates significantly differed between human donors and pig remains χ²₍₁₎ = 5.662, p = 0.017. Neither the pig nor the human trajectory compared well to the TBS model. Thus, (i) pigs are not an adequate proxy for human decomposition studies, and (ii) in the semiarid environment of western Colorado, there is a need to develop a regional decomposition model.     

Characterization of the Products Formed by the Reaction of Trichlorocyanuric Acid with 2-Propanol

Abstract:  We report a recent investigation into the death of a cat that was initially thought to involve intentionally burning the animal via the use of an ignitable liquid. The exposure of the animal to flame was ruled out. Instead, forensic investigation revealed the intentional mixing together of a common outdoor swimming pool chlorinator, trichlorocyanuric acid (TCCA), and 2-propanol (aka, isopropyl alcohol or rubbing alcohol). The reaction of these two chemicals resulted in the formation of cyanuric acid residue, hydrochloric acid, and the evolution of a significant volume of chlorine gas. Further α-chlorination side reactions also occurred between 2-propanol and TCCA to produce a variety of chlorinated 2-propanone species that were detected on the submitted evidence. The identification of the products of both the main reaction and the side reactions allowed the authors to determine what chemicals were originally mixed together by the culprit.     

环介导等温扩增技术在畜牧兽医领域的应用

介绍了环介导等温扩增技术的引物设计方法、扩增原理和结果判定方法,概述了该技术在动物病毒、细菌、真菌和寄生虫检测等兽医领域以及在动物胚胎性别鉴定和性别控制等畜牧领域的应用情况,旨在为该技术的深入研究和应用提供帮助.     

Africanization： The dilemma to Africanize or to globalize a curriculum

Africanization is generally seen as a renewed focus on Africa-reclaiming what has been taken from Africa--and the emergence of a new sense of pride. With regard to the local curriculum, there is a renewed focus on indigenous knowledge and an African community competing in a global society. In this article the author will reflect on a literature search on Africanization by firstly attempting to create an awareness of the topic by local problems, for example an Africanized curriculum and study material specifically designed for the higher education student in South Africa （who might be in rural or urban） or in the rest of Africa, or even a local student who has migrated to another part of the globe; secondly, looking at relevancy problems that arise when designing local study material on a global platform; thirdly, suggesting ways to design an Africanized environment that not only reflects the underpinning of an African philosophy, but also takes cognizance of the global curriculum. Therefore, an attempt to create an awareness in all communities worldwide of the need is involved in their own curricula by not only looking at problems such as language, culture and values, but also starting at the very beginning, namely with the philosophy behind the design of such a curriculum.     

试论抵御动物侵袭的法律性质

抵御动物侵袭行为的法律性质在某些情况下难以认定,对动物侵袭进行抵御是认定为正当防卫,紧急避险,还是违法行为,应区分不同情况。本文试对动物侵袭进行分类,并结合动物的种类,来认定不同情况下抵御动物侵袭行为的法律性质。旨在保护人们的合法权益,维护社会的安定团结。     

双歧杆菌对动物肠道细菌和内毒素移位的影响

将 30只豚鼠按随机数字表法分为感染对照组 (A)、感染治疗组 (B)和健康对照组 (C)。B组感染后灌饲双歧杆菌悬液 (CFU为 5× 10 12 /L) 1.5mL ,2次 /d。观察细菌或内毒素移位、肠黏膜菌群和肠黏膜损伤情况。结果显示 :①感染后第 3d ,A、B组细菌移位率分别为 39%和 15 % (P=0 .0 0 4 0 ) ,第 5d时分别为 31%和 7% (P =0 .0 0 2 0 ) ;感染后第 1d ,A组内毒素水平显著高于B组。②A组回盲部黏膜菌群中双歧杆菌量仅为C组的 1/ 10～ 1/ 6 0 ,B组双歧杆菌量明显增多 ;A组大肠埃希氏菌量在第 1～ 3d时增加约 2 0～ 30倍 ,但第 3d后B组大肠埃希氏菌量显著减少并接近正常水平。③回肠黏膜损伤以第 1～ 3d最为明显 ,A组感染后第 5d损伤评分仍明显高于C组(P <0 .0 5 ) ;B组第 3d时已明显修复 ,第 5d时已与C组无明显差异。提示 :补充外源性双歧杆菌能促进感染后受损肠黏膜屏障和生物屏障修复 ,有效防治肠道细菌或内毒素移位。     

Significance of Family Risk Factors in Development of Childhood Animal Cruelty in Adolescent Boys with Conduct Problems

The literature suggests that physical child abuse, sexual child abuse, paternal alcoholism, paternal unavailability, and domestic violence may be significant in development of childhood animal cruelty. Two groups of early- to late adolescent boys (CTA and N-CTA) in residential treatment for conduct disorder were compared in the current study on histories of these family risk factors. The adolescents in Group 1 were comprised of boys who had conduct problems with documented histories of animal cruelty (n = 50; CTA). Group 2 consisted of adolescent boys (n = 50; N-CTA) with conduct problems, but without documented histories of animal cruelty. Results showed that children in the CTA group had significantly greater histories of physical and/or sexual child abuse and domestic violence in comparison to children in the N-CTA group. These results suggest that physical and/or sexual abuse to a child, and exposure to domestic violence, may be significant in the development of childhood animal cruelty.     

动物法律地位确置论

动物应当受到保护,人应当给予动物应有的生存条件.然而,人类中心主义的价值观必然是不可超越的,同时,绝对的人类中心主义已经不能适应社会的发展,相对的人类中心主义成为时代的主旋律.动物主体论脱离现实的论调理应受到我们的批判,结合我国国情,以物权法和侵权责任法为基础,动物应当被认定为客体,是人所管领的财产.