The Animal Research Debate

Animal rights extremism has encouraged the media to examine the benefits and justification of animal research. There is broad support from the scientific community and government for carefully conducted animal research; however, Parliament is hindered, as many MPs are ill-informed. The recent Nuffield Council on Bioethics investigated the issue and determined that in carefully considered cases animal research is justified, scientifically valid, and has contributed to human health. The great majority of the public accept the need for animal research for medical progress when there is no alternative method available. Arguments used by anti-vivisectionists are discussed, many of which are unfounded and based on misconceptions.     

Criminology and animality: stupidity and the anthropological machine

Although a relatively small, yet growing group of scholars have been lamenting the exclusion of nonhuman animals from the scope of criminology for over thirty years now, animals have been historically present in criminological theorizing, legal practices, and research. However, this presence has not been of the form advocated for by scholars who variously identify themselves as non-speciesist criminologists, green criminologists, or ecological criminologists, who have been arguing largely for recognition of harms perpetrated against animals, or ‘zoological crime’. Instead, the longer history of animals in criminology is as offenders or as prototypes of criminality. In this article, we are concerned with the production – vis-à-vis the anthropological machine – of the ‘stupid’ animal and subhuman within criminology and criminal justice. Guided by the political philosophy of Giorgio Agamben, we trace the animal through criminological thought from the premodern period to Lombroso to contemporary criminological scholarship illustrating how the animal has been (ab)used to shore up the classifications between humans, between humans and animals, and the intelligent and the stupid. We also examine how historically through criminal trials of animals and the feebleminded, criminal justice has played an active role in buttressing these classifications and acting on these classifications to produce bare life, that is, life without form or value.     

评圆明园兽首拍卖事件——基于国际条约法视角

圆明园兽首拍卖是社会热门话题之一，众多专家学者纷纷发表了各自的观点。当前，中国追索流失文物有着国际条约法的依据，这是中国追索文物有利的方面，但同时中国追索流失文物又受到某些条约规则的限制。中国应当积极参与文物追索公约和规则的制订，以形成有利于中国的文物追索制度。     

实验性心脏挫伤动物模型的建立

本研究应用自制机械式弹性拉力打击器以9．1～10．5m／s速度冲击动物胸骨心前区，不仅导致左右心室压力、心电图及心率发生改变，而且造成了心脏挫伤等宏观的病理形态学变化，成功地建立了心脏挫伤动物模型，为深入研究钝力性心脏外伤奠定了基础。     

骨密度检测在野生动物司法鉴定领域的应用前景

脊椎动物的体内存在着骨骼,骨密度代表了骨骼中骨矿物质的含量.通过对骨密度测量的多种方法及其基本原理进行介绍.因不同种属动物骨骼存在着差异,通过实验验证测量“面密度”的骨密度检测方法在动物骨骼检测时存在着很大的局限性,定量CT法（Qcantitative computed Tomography,QCT）测量的是“体密度”,能够避免各种“面密度”检测方法的缺陷,在动物骨密度检测时应当作为首选.最终提出骨密度检测方法可应用于动物司法鉴定领域.     

关于野生动物角制品鉴定与相关法律的研究

动物角制品是野生动物资源中的宝贵财富。当今社会,许多不法分子猖狂走私、贩卖、运输、加工动物角制品牟取暴利,这已引起中国政府和国际社会的高度关注。根据我国法律,量刑标准是参照该动物的保护级别和涉案价值来认定刑律。文章具体阐述了动物角制品鉴定的相关法律问题。     

陆生动物产业深度转型：构建生态大农业循环链

陆生动物产业是大农业生态大循环链条中的主要节点，它具有鲜明的两重性，面临大发展的机遇和市场的严峻挑战。为迎接农业产业革命必须运用自然规律和经济规律的合力，掌握其特殊规律，实现深度转型，走农牧紧密结合的路子，由粗放养殖向集约化、规模化、生态化转变，构建和优化循环经济环链工程，构成高端生态大农业的关键环节，并铺就生物能源的基础。这一过程需要用好“政府主导、科技引领、市场发力”的宏观调控、资源配置新型三元机制。     

野生动物资源的刑法保护及立法完善

实现"人与自然和谐相处",发展"生态文明",必须保持人类赖以生存的自然环境的生物多样性.野生动物既是重要的生物物种和环境因素,又是人类不可缺少的自然资源,对于维持生态平衡具有重要意义.国外和我国刑法针对动物资源犯罪均做出了相关规定.针对当前动物资源犯罪日益猖獗的严峻形势,我国应积极应对,加强国际合作,修订相关法律,增设有关罪名,以便取得良好成效.     

Increased hematocrit after applications of conducted energy weapons (including TASER(®) devices) to Sus scrofa

Conducted energy weapons (CEWs) are used by law enforcement personnel to incapacitate individuals quickly and effectively, without intending to cause lethality. CEWs have been deployed for relatively long or repeated exposures in some cases. In laboratory animal models, central venous hematocrit has increased significantly after CEW exposure. Even limited applications (e.g., three 5-sec applications) resulted in statistically significant increases in hematocrit. Preexposure hematocrit was significantly higher in nonsurvivors versus survivors after more extreme CEW applications. The purpose of this technical note is to address specific questions that may be generated when examining these results. Comparisons among results of CEW applications, other electrical muscle stimulation, and exercise/voluntary muscle contraction are included. The anesthetized swine appears to be an acceptable animal model for studying changes in hematocrit and associated red blood cell changes. Potential detrimental effects of increased hematocrit, and considerations during law enforcement use, are discussed.     

Structured Like A Monster: Understanding Human Difference Through A Legal Category

This article will argue that the legal idea of the monster offers to inform contemporary thinking in relation to outsiders. Drawing on the work of Foucault it will be contended that the process, whereby at least some human beings are positioned as outsiders, is structured like a monster. That is to say, at least some constructions or representations of human difference, both legal and non-legal, are informed by the monster category. The article will think through and unpack Foucault’s the idea of the monster, and his sufficient and necessary conditions of monster production. In the process, the article will identify two contemporary figures that bear the legacy of this legal category. These are the figures of Foucault’s abnormal individual and the human/animal hybrid of genetic medicine, figures that can neither be reduced to products of law or disentangled from its domain. An emphasis on the importance of the template of the monster in understanding these contemporary figures points to its relevance to legal scholarship within fields such as gender, sexuality and race, and bioethics respectively.