论陈衡哲的女子教育思想及启示

陈衡哲是民国时期著名的历史学家和文学家,同时又是一位优秀的教育工作者。1920年她受聘于北京大学,成为中国近代第一位女大学教授。她在《衡哲散文集》中,从不同方面谈及妇女教育。其女子教育思想涉及女子教育的目的,女子教育的内容,同时还对当时的女子职业教育有独到的见解和深入的阐述,这些思想至今仍有启发和借鉴意义。     

从教师结构看女性教师职业发展中的“玻璃天花板”

在社会中,存在着一些影响女性职业发展的因素,即女性职业发展的"玻璃天花板"。研究表明,在大学女性教师的职业发展过程中,也面临着一种"玻璃天花板"。本文通过对教师结构的数据分析,探讨了在高等教育领域特别是高等学校中女性教师职业发展中的"玻璃天花板"问题,并从性别视角进行分析。     

论吴藻词曲特质及其在女性文学史上的地位

清代女作家吴藻经常在作品中抒发崇尚自由的意志，与同时代具有类似意识的女性相比，吴藻能够突破视男性所享有的待遇为解放尺度的思维定势，揭示传统力量压抑全体社会成员个体的严峻现实，视阈更为高远，不唯如此，打通不同人群之间的界限、将个性解放当作全社会共同需要思路，也切入了时代要求的本质，在当时有着深化个性解放思潮的重要意义，吴藻词在表现其精神特质中形成了以豪宕悲慨为主的风格，在女性学史上具有很高地位。     

Analyzing Multiple-Item Measures of Crime and Deviance I: Item Response Theory Scaling

Multiple-item measures of self-reported offending typically provide the principal outcome measures for individual level research on the causes of crime and deviance. This article directs attention to the substantial problems presented by the task of forming composite scores for these measures, and it presents a possible solution to those problems. We consider scaling by means of the graded response model from item response theory (IRT) as a potential means of overcoming the shortcomings of traditional summative scaling and of obtaining valuable information about the strengths and weaknesses of our measures. We illustrate this strategy through a scale analysis of a fourteen-item, self-report measure of delinquency, using three years of data from the Monitoring the Future study, an annual national survey of high school seniors. The graded response model proves to be consistent with the data, and it provides results that address important substantive questions about self-report measures. The findings are informative about the strengths and weaknesses of alternative strategies for developing self-report instruments, indicating that there is little to be gained by making fine distinctions in the frequency of individual delinquent acts.     

有关传播法规与政策的社会性别分析

本文检视了中国现行的传播法律、法规、行政规章和其它行政规范性文件,简要介绍了其中涉及女性权益的法条和规定,指出存在的问题,并就如何改进和完善保障女性权益的传播法制环境提出了对策性的建议。     

Trends in the management of registered sexual offenders across England and Wales: a geographical approach to the study of sexual offending

Abstract

Social scientists, and geographers in particular, have long been interested in examining spatial patterns of offending in order to generate a “geography” of crime and criminality. This paper examines what value, if any, a geographical approach to the study of sexual offending might offer. Utilising published official data from England and Wales it presents for the first time geographical analyses of the registration, risk assessment and management of Registered Sexual Offenders (RSOs) across 42 Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangement (MAPPA) areas. In doing so it considers and evaluates the methodological issues pertaining to the use of such data and such a geographical approach. We conclude that geographical interpretations of both the incidence of RSOs and the rates of risk allocations between MAPPA areas provide valuable insights and raise new questions about the way in which RSOs are managed nationally and are thus worthy of further exploration.     

Female serial killers in the United States: means,motives, and makings

Most studies that have focused on female serial killers (FSKs), although informative, have examined limited sample sizes. We consulted mass media reports of demographics, motives, methods, mental health, and victim characteristics of 64 FSKs who committed their crimes in the US from 1821 to 2008. Consistent with other studies, our data showed that FSKs were typically White, educated, have been married, and held a caregiving role (e.g. mother, health care worker). Nearly 40% of FSKs in this sample experienced some form of mental illness. Their most common motive for murder was financial gain, and their most common method of killing was poisoning. FSKs knew all or most of their victims, and most were related to their victims. In all cases, FSKs targeted at least one victim who was a child, elderly, or infirm – those who had little chance of fighting back. We interpret these killers’ behaviors from clinical and evolutionary angles.     

GENERAL ASSESSMENTS AND THRESHOLDS FOR CHRONIC OFFENDING: AN ENRICHED PARADIGM FOR EXPLAINING CRIME

General assessments refer to individuals’ overall judgment of their standing on broad dimensions that have special relevance for the explanation of crime, such as their overall bond to society or their prospects for success. These assessments are partly a function of the independent variables that are commonly considered in contemporary crime theories and quantitative research. But these standard etiological variables are far from fully determinative of general assessments because individuals differ in how they interpret, weigh, and combine their standing along these variables. The social–psychological factors that affect the subjective judgments underlying general assessments have yet to be theorized in any comprehensive, systematic manner. Nevertheless, we hypothesize that the incorporation of general assessments in models of offending will greatly enhance their explanatory power because these assessments are the most proximate, comprehensive, and personally relevant causes of crime. Moreover, we anticipate that once these assessments reach certain threshold levels, such as the view that bonds to society are severed irreparably or success is beyond reach, they result in a nonlinear jump in the frequency, seriousness, and duration of offending (i.e., chronic offending). A consideration of general assessments and their associated thresholds should therefore substantially improve efforts to explain crime.     

全球化对妇女劳动力市场的影响

全球化对妇女劳动力市场有正面和负面影响.全球化在就业机会、跨国公司、知识经济、大众传媒等方面给妇女劳动力市场带来了前所未有的新变化,这些变化正在改进职业中的性别不平等现象.同时,全球化对妇女劳动力市场也有消极方面的影响.发展中国家妇女低廉劳动力的输出、男女就业方面的差异、大众传媒对旧有性别观念的广泛传播、跨国公司对妇女廉价劳动力的雇佣等都是妇女劳动力市场的制约因素.针对这些情况,我们应采取相应措施来改善妇女劳动力市场.