全球化对妇女劳动力市场的影响

全球化对妇女劳动力市场有正面和负面影响.全球化在就业机会、跨国公司、知识经济、大众传媒等方面给妇女劳动力市场带来了前所未有的新变化,这些变化正在改进职业中的性别不平等现象.同时,全球化对妇女劳动力市场也有消极方面的影响.发展中国家妇女低廉劳动力的输出、男女就业方面的差异、大众传媒对旧有性别观念的广泛传播、跨国公司对妇女廉价劳动力的雇佣等都是妇女劳动力市场的制约因素.针对这些情况,我们应采取相应措施来改善妇女劳动力市场.     

试论女性领导的自我修养

加强自身修养,是女性领导提高素质的重要途径。面对时代和形势的发展要求,女性领导要用正确的观点认识自我,用人类社会丰富的知识充实自我,用坚强的党性战胜自我,用与时俱进的精神超越自我。     

俗世化狂欢化个人化——1990年代(1990～1999)多元化女性写作中的三足鼎立

20世纪80～90年代,随着中国社会由以政治为中心向以经济为中心的转型,新型的社会关系应运而生。处于这一大背景下的中国女性文学日益呈现出多元化的发展趋势,1990年代,新写实主义的日常叙事、以解构为指归的狂欢化写作和个人化的躯体写作,在女性文学的格局中呈三足鼎立之势。     

对信息化时代女性话语仍被“消音“的再思考

网络的出现为两性的平等提供了潜力,但在父权制的社会里,这一新事物仍使女性处于“话语权”被消音的状况中。尽管现状并不很乐观,但还是存在着改变的潜力和希望的。     

A Comparison of Men and Women Arrested for Domestic Violence: Who Presents the Greater Threat?

Recent increases in the number of women arrested for domestic violence raise important questions about implementation of proarrest policies, equivalency of intimate partner aggression across genders, and management of female domestic violence offenders. This study compares demographic characteristics, criminal history variables, and the past domestic violence history of men (n = 5,578) and women (n = 1,126) arrested for domestic assault against a heterosexual intimate partner. Using victim reported information and data collected by local criminal justice agencies, we found that female arrestees were significantly less likely than males to have histories that warrant concern regarding the potential for future violence. Implications of these findings are discussed.     

商业化时代的女性身体写作——来自大学生的认识

20世纪90年代以来,“身体写作”逐渐成为国内文学评论与研究界十分关注的一个热点问题,且更多地与女性作家、女性写作紧密联系在一起。相比而言,从读者的角度对“女性身体写作”现象予以关照的研究则鲜有涉及。本文以“从文化社会学视角看女性身体写作及相关文化现象”课题调查结果为基础,试图展示当代大学生读者对“女性身体写作”的认识与思考。     

MENTORS AND CRIMINAL ACHIEVEMENT*

Much of the research focusing on conventional occupations concludes that mentored individuals are more successful in their careers than those who are not mentored. Early research in criminology made a similar claim. Yet contemporary criminology has all but ignored mentors. We investigate this oversight, drawing on Sutherland's insights on tutelage and criminal maturation and incorporating ideas on human and social capital. We argue that mentors play a key role in their protégés' criminal achievements and examine this hypothesis with data from a recent survey of incarcerated adult male offenders in the Canadian province of Quebec. In this sample, a substantial proportion of respondents reported the presence of an influential individual in their lives who introduced them to a criminal milieu and whom they explicitly regarded as a mentor. After studying the attributes of offenders and their mentors, we develop a causal framework that positions criminal mentor presence within a pathway that leads to greater benefits and lower costs from crime.     

Toward a control theory of white-collar offending

In this study, Hirschi's control theory was conceptually developed and empirically tested as a rationale for white-collar offending. The data were gathered from a sample of 435 executives who were employees of a multinational automobile manufacturer. Results suggest that factors within the corporation such as managerial attachments, work commitment and involvement, and belief in corporate rules significantly affect individual rates of executive self-reported offending. In particular, those executives who possessed the strongest bond to their manager, their co-workers, and the corporation itself were least likely to report having engaged in a white-collar crime. Theoretical implications of these findings and how they relate to extant theories of white-collar criminality are discussed.Portions of this paper were presented at the 39th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology, Montreal, November 16, 1987.     

The criminality of female narcotics addicts: A causal modeling approach

A longitudinal model was developed relating early deviance, narcotics use, and three types of income-generating crime (property crime, drug dealing, and prostitution) among female narcotics addicts during the first 2 years of the addiction career. The model was tested by a confirmatory structural equation analysis. Early deviance predicted subsequent property crime involvement. Stability across time was demonstrated for narcotics use, property crime, and drug dealing. Strong contemporaneous relationships among these constructs were found. These findings partially replicate patterns found in previous studies for male addicts. In contrast to male addicts, a positive, instead of negative, contemporaneous relationship was found between property crime and drug dealing activities. Between constructs, cross-lag effects were generally small and only that between property crime and later narcotics use was significant. Finally, prostitution was failed to be incorporated in the model. Further research is needed to elucidate the diverse economic support systems among women which may affect the drug-crime relationship.     

浅论媒介与女性形象的互动关系

对女性问题研究的主要目的,是消除性别误解,树立正确的性别印象。这就需要用"性别误解"这一概念取代"性别歧视",目的在于变性别等级为性别差异。广告和影视作品中流露的"性别误解",强化或改变了受众的性别印象,而受众的性别印象又是媒介表达的动力和来源。在这个过程中,媒介起了强大的作用,因此也承担着主要的责任。性别误解不仅仅是女性自身发展的障碍,也阻碍了整个人类社会的发展。大众传媒可以作为一支独立的力量,促进女性性别误解的改变,进而促进社会的和谐发展。