高等院校学籍管理中的法制化建设

社会主义市场经济和高等教育改革的发展,使传统的高校学生管理工作面临严峻的挑战,这也给高校学籍管理工作提出了新的问题。法治理念的普及和个人权利意识的增强,使得高校管理的实践进程不可避免地出现新旧观念的碰撞、价值矛盾和权利冲突。传统的高校管理工作正经历一场适应整个国家法治发展进程的深刻变革。我们必须采取措施,用法治的理念和精神来回答和解决实践中提出的各种问题,建立并不断完善管理体制,开展学籍管理中的法制化建设。     

民事诉讼回避制度的两个基本问题

从我国民事诉讼领域观察,回避制度在回避原因、适用程序两个方面存在着结构性的缺陷,在实践中导致侵害当事人诉讼权利的后果。有必要对我国回避制度进行规范分析,并对司法实践运作状况加以考察,对民事诉讼回避制度进行修改、完善。     

公安行政执法问题思考

公正执法是公安工作的灵魂,是依法治国的基本要求。当前公安行政执法存在的问题是:特权思想严重、法制观念淡薄、警察职业素质偏低、执法程序不规范等。解决问题的对策是:树立依法行政和依法定程序办案的意识;加强道德建设,提高民警的道德素养;强化和完善监督机制,严格实行错案追究制度;坚持依法从严治警,建立科学管理机制等。     

联合国制裁之定性问题研究

国际社会虽然使用“联合国制裁”的措词来表述联合国宪章第七章中规定的强制措施,但却因为其带有浓厚的政治色彩而对其法律制裁的特性深表怀疑,这种怀疑无疑将严重影响联合国制裁机制的进一步发展。然而,按照法律制裁的基本标准来判断,联合国制裁不失为一种专门的法律制裁机制,虽然与国内法律制裁机制相比较,它具有许多缺陷:制裁领域的残缺性;制裁对象的局限性;制裁环节的分权性。但这些缺陷不能从根本上影响其作为法律制裁的本质特性。认识到联合国制裁的这一特性具有十分重大的现实意义,它将为联合国制裁系统最终通过改革而发展成为一种更加全面、完善的法律制裁机制奠定坚实的思想基础。     

美国的法律家长主义理论与实践

在美国法上,法律家长主义是指法律为了当事人自身的利益而限制其自治。在理论上,对法律家长主义争论主要是从法律经济学和法律价值论两个维度进行的,对家长主义式的规定有无效率、法律是否应保持价值中立和自治这一价值在法律中的地位进行探讨。在实践中,法律家长主义在美国合同法、行政法和宪法中有着广泛的应用,对当事人的缔约自由、表达自由、平等权等进行限制,对市场经济和社会保障中的某些行为予以规制。     

我国劳动争议的法律处理及立法完善

随着新世纪国家社会经济的发展,劳动争议的冲突呈现出了多样化、群体化等许多新的内容与特点,劳动法律滞后的问题已成为亟待解决的问题,劳动争议的妥善解决已成为构建和谐社会的一个关键环节。     

Schools and the prevention of petty crime: Search for a missing link

Earlier research on the relation between school features and petty crime suggests that schools can intentionally influence the crime rate of the pupils. These findings were the starting point for a Dutch study at secondary schools of the same type in Dutch towns. The study focused on effects on the delinquency of third-year low-stream pupils (aged 15–17). For the study a control theory was formulated, a conditional control theory, which, in contrast to Hirschi's social control theory, recognizes possible delinquent influences of the pupils' network. In the study a strong statistical relation between integration of pupils in school and petty crime was found. However, I found almost no influence of the studied school features on integration and petty crime. These results led to the question whether the real important feature of schools had been neglected in the study. This seems not to be the case. A multilevel analysis shows that it is unlikely that there is major impact of schools on the integration of pupils, on delinquency, or on the relationship between integration and delinquency. This can be the result of special aspects of the Dutch school system and of the neglect of theory in earlier research.     

论科学发展观的理论基础和现实依据

马克思主义的社会发展观是科学发展观的前提和基础 ,科学发展观是马克思主义发展观在社会主义新阶段的具体体现。邓小平关于共同富裕的思想 ,江泽民关于保持区域经济协调、健康发展 ,促进社会全面进步的思想 ,是科学发展观的实质内涵 ,传承着马克思主义发展观的内在灵魂和精髓。深刻理解科学发展观的理论渊源和现实依据 ,有助于我们在实践中进一步树立和落实全面、协调、可持续的科学发展观     

Zwischen Kultur und Kalkül? Vertrauen und Sozialkapital im Kontext der neoinstitutionalistischen Wende

Trust and social capital work in social networks as informal institutions, favouring cooperation between the participants of such social interaction. However, the increasing use of both terms has been accompanied by vanishing conceptual and theoretical precision. In order to counterbalance this development this article tries to clarify some of the major puzzles connected with both terms. First, we embed trust and social capital within the institutionalist turn in political science. Second however, we demonstrate that trust and social capital have been modelled from at least two perspectives: sociological institutionalism and economic institutionalism. Furthermore, attempts of combining those approaches have lead to decreasing theoretical consistency. Finally, we propose that economic institutionalism is theoretically and empirically more fruitful to explain the creation and destruction of social capital.     

我国商标法在保护高技术中存在的局限性及成因分析

深入分析我国商标法在高技术知识产权保护中存在的保护范围、保护地域问题,指出商标法保护高技术不利的一般原因是科技发展水平、利益平衡等因素,根本原因则在于商标权的法律特征无法较大程度上体现高技术的技术特征。