Specialization and seriousness during adult criminal careers

Crime-type switching between arrests is examined for tendencies by adult offenders to specialize in crime types or to escalate in seriousness as offending continues. The adult offenders examined display higher levels of specialization than have been previously reported for juveniles; among adult offenders, those who remain criminally active until older ages are also more specialized. Also, there is some evidence of trends toward a worsening of offending: for selected crime types, adult offending becomes more specialized and escalates in seriousness for white offenders. However, similar trends are not observed for black adult offenders.Work on this paper was completed while at the School of Urban and Public Affairs, Carnegie Mellon University.     

社会主义新农村建设中的战略转型

社会主义新农村建设是工业反哺农业战略思路的具体化,在社会主义新农村建设中需要实现一系列的战略转型：在产业转型方面,要实现以产业技术基础、产业结构、产业组织为内容的转型；在社会结构方面,要实现由城镇化、工业化来推动的农村社会结构和社会运行方式的转型；在农民地位方面,要通过各种歧视性政策的改变、农民自主权的尊重,以及农村劳动力综合素质的提高来实现农民身份的转型等。     

资源型企业产业转型的三个视角

本文从政府、企业家和职工三个角度分析了资源型企业在资源枯竭后产业转型所面对的问题,重点剖析了国家和各级政府应该承担的责任,强调了企业家的重要性,提出资源型企业产业转型要发挥职工的积极性和创造性.     

国企改革与政府转型

传统的国有制使政府承担了无法承担的责任,这种制度安排不可能适应中国国内市场竞争化的要求。改革这种制度的本质要求是使企业的所有权从政府转向民间。要想获得国有企业改革的成功,不仅要求政府退出企业的日常经营活动,而且要求政府退出企业的改革决策,使企业真正享有制度选择权。     

Introducing Computed Tomography Standards for Age Estimation of Modern Australian Subadults Using Postnatal Ossification Timings of Select Cranial and Cervical Sites,

Contemporary, population‐specific ossification timings of the cranium are lacking in current literature due to challenges in obtaining large repositories of documented subadult material, forcing Australian practitioners to rely on North American, arguably antiquated reference standards for age estimation. This study assessed the temporal pattern of ossification of the cranium and provides recalibrated probabilistic information for age estimation of modern Australian children. Fusion status of the occipital and frontal bones, atlas, and axis was scored using a modified two‐ to four‐tier system from cranial/cervical DICOM datasets of 585 children aged birth to 10 years. Transition analysis was applied to elucidate maximum‐likelihood estimates between consecutive fusion stages, in conjunction with Bayesian statistics to calculate credible intervals for age estimation. Results demonstrate significant sex differences in skeletal maturation (p < 0.05) and earlier timings in comparison with major literary sources, underscoring the requisite of updated standards for age estimation of modern individuals.     

Characteristics of Youth Remaining in Foster Care Through Age 19: A Pre- and Post-Policy Cohort Analysis of California Data

This study examined factors associated with youth remaining in extended foster care. Cohorts of youth in care in California at age 17 years were defined for the period from 2003–2012. Multivariable generalized linear models documented factors associated with remaining in care through age 19. Findings indicate that: a) the population of youth in care at age 17 has declined over time; b) youth in care at age 17 in 2012 were qualitatively different from those a decade earlier; c) a larger proportion of youth who do not exit to permanency are remaining in extended foster care; and d) although the characteristics of youth who remain in foster care as non-minor dependents continue to vary relative to those who age out, differences have diminished. Findings highlight the potential to target subgroups of youth who may benefit from the extension of care but are remaining in care at lower rates.     

农村住房所有权及宅基地使用权转让的理论思考

农村住房所有人依法有权转让其住房。作为完整的用益物权，宅基地使用权也包括处分权能，但含义不同于所有权中的处分权能。住房所有权与宅基地所有权或使用权转让有同类型；折中主义下的转让，也有不同情形。在我国部分地区可以进行农村住房所有权与宅基地使用权合一自由转让的试点工作。我国历史上有农村住房所有权与宅基地使用权的转让，现实中也大量存在。     

A Comparison of Transition Capacities of New EU Countries: Public Administration as a Key Influence in Democratic and Economic Change

In the network of political and public administrative actors the public administration plays a key role. Countries previously influenced by socialism or communism, that joined the European Union in the two most recent accession waves, and are now undergoing strong change, are investigated to determine whether—and to what extent—public administrations influence transition processes to more democracy and market economies. With a regression analysis it is demonstrated that a qualitatively better functioning public administration makes a positive impact on transition, its effectiveness, and sustainability. The regression analysis also offers arguments for the view that public administrations are important actors when it comes to the implementation of EU standards.     

Designing effective national aviation security systems: The building blocks for an enhanced global response

By closely analysing Naxalite propaganda material, I explain the functionality of martyrdom in the Maoist movement in India. I show that their concept of secular martyrdom is multifaceted, but can be traced to a mix of several elements in classical Maoist doctrine (sacrifice, dialectics, and critique). As such, the cult of the secular martyr serves both practical and ideological aims. My analysis, tracing martyrdom to secular ideology, opens new possibilities for studying this type of martyrdom, which has come under pressure in the wake of the 9/11 attacks.