论犯罪心理与“留守儿童”违法犯罪

“留守儿童”违法犯罪问题已经引起了理论界与实务界的高度关注。我国目前对“留守儿童犯”进行的心理调研仅局限于对“留守儿童犯”的普遍性考察,缺乏有针对性的犯罪心理调查。实证分析法是犯罪学调研的基本方法。通过对“留守儿童犯”的认知心理和社会化环境两部分展开深入调研,在需求、自信与自我认同、行为模式、自控能力、违法犯罪认识性以及父母家庭关系、学校关系、同辈关系和其他人际关系等方面进行了全面系统分析,可以透视“留守儿童‘’’犯”的犯罪心理现状,同时为提出有针对性的预防措施提供事实依据。     

Use of the global positioning system in the field recovery of scattered human remains

This study examines the Global Positioning System (GPS) as a tool for field mapping of scattered human remains or other materials in forensic investigations. Two aspects of the GPS are considered: (1) the level of accuracy that can be obtained using a mid-priced GPS unit, and (2) the effectiveness of using the GPS to map scattered materials. The positional accuracy of the GPS receiver was tested using a National Geodetic Survey (NGS) point located in Baton Rouge, LA. The utility of the GPS for mapping was investigated by setting up a mock field recovery and mapping the remains using both the GPS and traditional archeological methods. The results indicate that the positional error for a single location using GPS was less than one-half meter. However, when multiple positions were considered, the data produced on different days were not consistent. Further, the GPS receiver used in this study could not distinguish items in close association. Factors such as tree cover density, the proximity of the materials to structures or trees, and satellite positioning contributed to the erratic data. These results indicate that traditional techniques and photographs are still indispensable for mapping scattered remains or artifacts.     

Latent Profile Approach to Duration of Stalking

Abstract: Stalking behavior and victim–stalker relationship are often the principal known factors in a stalking case. Thus, they are of great importance when trying to identify factors contributing to stalking duration. The present study aims to identify distinct subgroups of stalking victims based on measures of behavioral stalking dimensions. These victim subgroups, stalking dimensions, and victim–stalker relationship are examined in relation to stalking duration. Using a sample of 137 university students, latent profile analysis (LPA) revealed five distinct victim subgroups based on stalker behavior dimensions: surveillance, low‐profile, social lurker, wide scope, and baseline stalkers. The subgroups were significantly related to stalking duration and explained a considerable amount of the variance along with the stalking dimensions and victim–stalker relationship. Connections to stalking literature and utility of person‐orientated methods in stalking research are discussed.     

论学前儿童音乐审美经验的建构

学前儿童具有先天的音乐能力。这是人类音乐性的体现,是人类的一种生存本能和由音乐经验积淀而形成的集体无意识。以此为前提,学前儿童能够通过与音乐作品的互动来建构审美经验。从感知到音乐文本的存在开始,学前儿童以一种主动的态度去理解、阐释音乐,并将所获得的音乐体验内化、再建构,从而形成对某一作品的我自己的审美经验。其后,学前儿童将此经验迁移以形成良好的音乐审美判断和鉴赏能力。在这一过程中,听觉与动觉的相互转换占主导地位。学前儿童音乐审美经验的建构是存在于幼儿、作曲家、社会之间的一种多重交互行为,其结果是建立一种共享体验。     

打黑背后的经济、政治、文化资本考察——以重庆打黑为分析样本

打黑曾经是而且仍然是我国政治生活及法律生活的主题。对涉黑犯罪人员进行定罪处罚体现了刑罚正义,但对制止涉黑犯罪只能起到治标作用。涉黑犯罪能够作为一种犯罪形态长期存在,有其运作的经济资本、政治资本与文化资本,官员涉黑也有其经济资本、政治资本、文化资本等原因。这些资本错综复杂地交织于不同场域,是致使涉黑犯罪“打击不力、除黑不尽”的深层原因。     

从规则到行为：试论我们为何守法

人们为何守法一直以来是很多领域的学者探讨的问题。本文从规则与法的起源问题到个体对之内化,直至把它们外化为行为,这一动态的过程对我们为何遵守规则与法进行阐释,在此过程中,充分强调了个体间的合作、社会化的过程、自我的执行以及认知调节等的重要作用,以期对守法行为的研究提供一个崭新的视角。     

公安边防情报人员在调查访问中的消极心理与调适

公安边防情报活动中的调查访问主要集中在边境地区开展,工作环境复杂,任务艰巨,边防情报人员面对的调查访问对象形形色色。受外界客观环境和调查访问对象的心理反应的影响,再加上自身情报理论水平、实际工作能力以及生理心理素质等诸多方面的不足,边防情报人员在开展调查访问工作时,其很容易表现出消极的心理状态。为此,应采取适当的调适方法消除这种消极的心理状态。     

无限防卫权的主观依据

为了鼓励、支持公民更好地利用防卫权,保护其合法权益,1997年刑法第二十条第三款增设了无限防卫权制度,但是,我们要注意的是无限防卫权并不是绝对防卫权,其发动和行使有严格的主客观条件,尤其是无限防卫权的主观依据往往被研究者忽略。其实,极端情绪的压抑作用应是无限防卫权的主观依据。     

论罪犯心理矫治工作的创新和发展

《监狱教育改造工作规定》的颁布实施,标志着监狱的心理矫治工作进入了一个规范发展的新时期,但从总体上看,我国监狱仍存在制约监狱心理矫治工作发展的因素,从实施专业化发展方略的角度来看,在新形势下,应创新和发展心理矫治工作方法和措施,以不断提高心理矫治工作的实用性、指导性、服务性、专业性,服务于提高改造质量的大局。     

Doubling Down: Inequality in Responsiveness and the Policy Preferences of Elected Officials

Is bias in responsiveness to constituents conditional on the policy preferences of elected officials? The scholarly conventional wisdom is that constituency groups who do not receive policy representation still obtain some level of responsiveness by legislators outside of the policy realm. In contrast, we present a theory of preference‐induced responsiveness bias where constituency responsiveness by legislators is associated with legislator policy preferences. Elected officials who favor laws that could disproportionately impact minority groups are also less likely to engage in nonpolicy responsiveness to minority groups. We conducted a field experiment in 28 US legislative chambers. Legislators were randomly assigned to receive messages from Latino and white constituents. If legislators supported voter identification laws, Latino constituents were less likely to receive constituency communications from their legislators. There are significant implications regarding fairness in the democratic process when elected officials fail to represent disadvantaged constituency groups in both policy and nonpolicy realms.