Autonomy,Belongingness, and Engagement in School as Contributors to Adolescent Psychological Well-Being

Self-determination theory emphasizes the importance of school-based autonomy and belongingness to academic achievement and psychological adjustment, and the theory posits a model in which engagement in school mediates the influence of autonomy and belongingness on these outcomes. To date, this model has only been evaluated on academic outcomes. Utilizing short-term longitudinal data (5-month timeframe) from a set of secondary schools in the rural Midwest (N = 283, M age = 15.3, 51.9% male, 86.2% White), we extend the model to include a measure of positive adjustment (i.e., hope). We also find a direct link between peer-related belongingness (i.e., peer support) and positive adjustment that is not mediated by engagement in school. A reciprocal relationship between academic autonomy, teacher-related belongingness (i.e., teacher support) and engagement in learning is supported, but this reciprocal relationship does not extend to peer-related belongingness. The implications of these findings for secondary schools are discussed.

公安院校毕业生就业问题探析

大学生就业是目前非常突出的一个社会问题。公安院校大学毕业生能否尽快走上社会,成为自食其力的社会劳动者,既是大学生本人的问题,也是公安院校的生存与发展的重要问题。     

论公安心理素质教育

针对我国警察心理素质训练薄弱的现状,要在正确理解素质和心理素质的基础上,立足于警察和警察生活的特点来理解警察心理素质。公安心理素质教育的关键环节,是要切实掌握如何进行公安心理素质教育的方法和途径。实践证明,教育引导、环境磨练、自我养成和结合渗透是加强公安心理素质教育的四个关健环节。     

网络新闻的走势——寻求网民心理需求和议程设置的完美契合

结合传播学理论中的议程设置对新闻网站的网络新闻进行分析(以两会期间人民网新闻排行为观察视点),可以发现新闻网站在进行议程设置时和网民心理需求之间的一些规律,网民心理需求和议程设置契合地越完美,网络新闻的前景也就越光明。网络的参与性和交互性与网民的显著性、接近性、趣味性等心理可以结合起来,这样网络新闻会日臻完美,从而更加吸引网民的眼球。     

Can governments use Get Out The Vote letters to solve Europe’s turnout crisis? Evidence from a field experiment

Declining levels of turnout are a problem in European elections. Are Get Out The Vote campaigns the solution to the problem? While many studies have investigated such campaigns in the US, little is known about their effect in Europe. The article presents a field experiment in which encouragement to vote in an upcoming Danish election is delivered to more than 60,000 first-time voters using direct personal letters. Eight different letters are designed, based on the calculus of voting and prospect theory. The sample is randomly divided into treatment groups or the control group. Using validated turnout, small positive effects of receiving a letter on turnout are found, with little difference across letters. The letters mostly mobilised voters with a low propensity to vote and thus increased equality in participation. In sum, while letters have some effect, they are not likely to be a panacea for solving Europe’s turnout challenges.     

Ideology,Learning, and Policy Diffusion: Experimental Evidence

We introduce experimental research design to the study of policy diffusion in order to better understand how political ideology affects policymakers’ willingness to learn from one another's experiences. Our two experiments–embedded in national surveys of U.S. municipal officials–expose local policymakers to vignettes describing the zoning and home foreclosure policies of other cities, offering opportunities to learn more. We find that: (1) policymakers who are ideologically predisposed against the described policy are relatively unwilling to learn from others, but (2) such ideological biases can be overcome with an emphasis on the policy's success or on its adoption by co‐partisans in other communities. We also find a similar partisan‐based bias among traditional ideological supporters, who are less willing to learn from those in the opposing party. The experimental approach offered here provides numerous new opportunities for scholars of policy diffusion.     

Intervention Theatre: performance,authenticity and expert knowledge in politicians’ travel to post-/conflict spaces

ABSTRACT

This article explores the role of official travel activities by politicians to post-/conflict spaces in German foreign policymaking. Starting from the observation that official travel justifications stress the value of authentic insights and unfiltered information, while journeys in practice are meticulously planned and staged, it asks what kind of knowing is possible, how actors make sense of the staged nature of field trips, and how multiple performances create and/or undermine notions of authenticity and first-hand expertise. The article shows that official on-site visits are composed of multiple conscious performances by all actors involved, but that these performances do not undermine the notions of authenticity and expertise. On the contrary, knowledge authenticity—or truth claims on the basis of authentic insights—and related expert authority are produced through travel-as-performance. The emphasis policymakers put on on-site presence and (the performance of) localized knowledge contradicts intervention literature’s generalized finding of a prioritization of technocratic over localized knowledge. The article draws on politics and performance scholarship and authenticity theories in tourism studies to make sense of a wealth of empirical material on the claims, practice and functions of German MPs’ journeys to post-/conflict spaces as part of broader political struggles over policy knowledge.     

对犯罪动机概念的质疑——关于犯罪心理学基本理论问题的探讨

针对犯罪动机概念内涵不清、应用混乱的状况,文章对犯罪动机概念提出本质和界定方面的质疑。犯罪动机是犯罪行为发生、发展和完成的内部起因;预期的犯罪目的是犯罪动机的根本属性;犯罪动机不是犯罪行为的共同属性,而应该是犯罪心理学的通用概念;犯罪动机概念应修订为犯罪的动机,可划为犯因性动机、一般性动机、无意识动机和有意犯罪动机、模糊犯罪动机、无意犯罪动机两大类。     

警察临战指挥员个性心理品质刍议

警察临战指挥员的个性心理品质与临战活动的成败有着密切的内在联系。在临战活动中,临战指挥员的个性心理品质将直接影响其作战动机与指挥行为,决定其临战指挥工作的优劣成败。警察临战指挥员应具备怎样的个性心理品质,如何培养临战指挥员良好的个性心理品质是当前社会形势下公安工作需要思考的问题。