Suicide behind bars: trends, inconsistencies, and practical implications

The results of two comprehensive approaches are compared: the nationwide surveys of suicides in U.S. jails by Hayes and the international meta-analyses of suicides in jails and prisons by Fazel et al. Factors are classified as demographic, situational, clinical, and methodical. More than 50% of U.S. jail suicide victims were men, white, unmarried, under 28 years of age, charged with minor or drug-related offenses, and intoxicated with drugs or alcohol. Suicides significantly occurred in isolation. Suicide victims in the international study were significantly (p < 0.001) men, white, married, pretrial, and charged with or convicted of violent offenses. Psychiatric diagnosis, alcohol abuse, taking psychotropic medication, and suicidal ideation were also positively correlated in the international study, but suicide victims were distributed more evenly over age-groups. Results of other studies illustrate the near universality of some findings. Three theories of suicide are briefly discussed.     

车文博先生对心理学"三史"研究的开拓性贡献

车文博先生在吸收借鉴、扬弃超越他人的研究视域和编篡原则的基础上,持之以恒地大胆探索,出版了数本(套)在国内外心理学界产生重大影响的鸿篇巨制。车文博先生关于心理学三史的创新性研究,实现了从心理学知识史到认识史、从心理学学科史到思想史、从单一文化心理学史到多元文化心理学比较思想史的整体性跨跃,体现了先生作为理论心理学家、心理学史家和心理哲学家的治学理念和学术风范,三史研究具有里程碑式的意义。     

加强公安心理学实践教学的探索

心理学作为公安院校的必修专业基础课,一直存在着教学目标、教学方法、教学内容与公安实践结合不密切的问题。公安院校心理学课程应围绕培养合格公安人才的目标来确定自己的教学内容和教材体系．突出警务实践性,培养公安实战技能,完善实践教学的支持体系,以此促进心理学教学改革。     

法律人类学研究的方法及运用——以监狱的调查研究为例

人类学是以研究文化的现象为主的一门学科,如果将法律作为一种文化现象来看待,那么法律人类学的出现就不足为奇了。法律人类学有其特殊的研究方法,特别是它的田野调查法、文献研究法、深度访谈法、视频观察法对法律现象的探讨的帮助是很大的。完善法律人类学研究的方法,也是对监狱这一特殊领域进行学术深描的需要。     

国外社会心理学视角下我国群体性事件心理原因及对策探析

我国群体性事件产生的心理原因主要有:"类化预期"心理落空使群体性事件参与者产生攻击性行为,"相对剥夺感"心理使群体性事件参与者产生仇恨心理和过激行为,"群体隐匿"心理降低了道德行为准则对群体性事件参与者反社会行为的约束力,"群体共识"心理强化了群体性事件参与者行为的"正当性"和"合理性","公正受挫"心理导致了一些群体性事件参与者产生越轨心理或极端行为。因此,必须贯彻党的群众路线,着实解决群众关心的利益问题,维护社会的和谐与稳定。     

运用临床心理学技术处理信访疑难积案的思考

福州市公安局鼓楼分局与福建警察学院合作,运用临床心理学技术处理信访疑难案件,在化解刑满释放人员"过激"闹访行为和有效稳控刑事案件伤残人对已决案件的反复缠访方面取得成功,为化解信访矛盾开辟了新途径。从临床心理学层面分析,造成积案难以化解的上访人员心理因素主要有:为宣泄负性情绪、为博取同情和重视、为谋取其他利益(包括不当利益)、迷信"上访解决问题"、坚信"受迫害"(精神病因素)。在信访工作中,引入临床心理学技术处理老信访户的疑难积案,可为化解信访矛盾指明疏导重点和工作方向,使信访化解工作更具针对性;同时有益于信访者的心理健康,有助于和谐社会的创建和巩固发展。其作用和做法主要表现为:促进认知调节、提供心理支持、引导情绪宣泄。     

Psychosocial Complications of Crohn's Disease and Cause of Death

Patients who suffer from Crohn's disease are prone not only to the complications of a relapsing, unpredictable disease, but also to feelings of stigmatization; depression; and increased risk of suicidal ideation, suicide, or drug and alcohol abuse. Cases performed at the Jackson County Medical Examiner's Office from 2008 to 2010 were reviewed. Autopsy findings, investigator reports, toxicology results, medical records, and interviews with survivors were analyzed. Twelve cases of Crohn's disease were recovered. In 10 of these cases, inflammatory bowel disease was not the cause of death. Instead, psychosocial consequences of the disease had significant implications in the deaths. The mean age of decedents was 45 years, with a female predominance. In eight cases, the decedents lived alone. Five patients had issues of acute or chronic drug or alcohol use. Five patients committed suicide. These cases underscore the role of psychosocial factors that can contribute significantly to the cause of death in patients with Crohn's disease.     

Competing ethical paradigms in forensic psychiatry and forensic psychology: Commentary for a special section of legal and criminological psychology

In her paper Gwen Adshead (2013) identifies the principle of respect for justice as the foundation for ethical practice in forensic psychiatry. This commentary discusses how forensic psychologists have approached a key aspect of the justice principle, the ethical imperative to promote the welfare of the individual client. The approaches of the psychiatric and psychological professions are compared and the role of psychologists as allied health professionals working in the forensic setting considered.     

Which decision‐making arrangements generate the strongest legitimacy beliefs? Evidence from a randomised field experiment

How can democracies satisfy citizens' demands for legitimate decision making? This article reports findings from a randomised field experiment designed to mimic decision making in large‐scale democracies. Natural collectives of individuals with a shared history and future (high school classes) were studied. They were asked to make a decision about how to spend a sum of money under arrangements imposed by the researchers and distributed randomly across classes. Within this setting, empirical support for three ideas about legitimacy enhancing decision‐making arrangements is tested: participatory constitution‐making; personal involvement in the decision‐making process; and fairness in the implementation of arrangements. Throughout the analyses it was found that personal involvement is the main factor generating legitimacy beliefs.     

立足幼儿视野 推进“园本课程”建设

＂园本课程＂的建设和管理,体现了幼儿园的办园理念和课程特色,只有立足幼儿视野,才能使＂园本课程＂的内容更具适宜性和发展性。文章从幼儿兴趣、思维、需求和发展等角度出发,阐述如何科学有效地实施和丰富＂园本课程＂的教育方法。