Measuring Political Brands: An Art and a Science of Mapping the Mind

The field of political brands has developed a host of approaches and explored a variety of cases over the last years. However, less attention has been devoted to brand measurement—specifically efforts to construct a measure that attempts to explain the relationship between voters and parties. Against this backdrop, this article discusses how to measure a political brand by first selecting one part of the diverse brand concept for further investigation. Next, the two existing brand measures in the literature are evaluated, and the article proposes an alternative measure that underlines a stronger connection to the immense political science literature on voters and parties. Then, the three measures are compared by empirically investigating which measure is best at explaining voters' party sympathy. Here, it is demonstrated that the alternative measure seems to be the most valid and reliable construct when it comes to explaining voters' sympathy for a particular party. Finally, the proposed alternative measure is further validated in a representative sample (N = 2251), establishing a preliminary correlation between party brand and voter sympathy.     

重视犯罪心理分析、深化犯罪心理学研究与教学

犯罪心理分析技术与方法对分析案情、刻画罪犯具有重要作用 ,将是现代侦破工作的一大支柱。要重视和加强犯罪心理分析技术与方法的研究 ,深化犯罪心理学研究与教学 ,进一步发挥犯罪心理学在揭露、打击和治理犯罪中的作用。     

论正确认识心理学研究的内省法及其意义

西方心理学一般认为内省是个体对自己心理状态的观察和描述,这实际上只停留在实证主义和物理主义心理学的范畴内。应该把内省看作是人对自己心理行为的自我观察、自我体验及自我完善的一种心理存在和活动的方式。以这种视野看待内省,可以实现心理学内省法与实验法的统合,为心理学的本土化提供契机,带来心理学发展的突破。     

对警察违法犯罪心理形成因素的分析

警察违法犯罪行为会比一般的违法犯罪行为造成更恶劣的社会影响和后果。影响警察违法犯罪心理形成的主要因素有警察的社会角色、警察的职业文化、警察的应激心理和警察心理环境与不同意识层次的关系等方面。     

消费者选择权、消费心理与竞争法的逻辑——对“酒水不能自带”规定的思考

饭店"酒水不能自带"的规定往往被认为是侵害消费者权益的行为而激起消费者的不满。但是,面对权利冲突时单纯从"消费者——经营者"模式来分析权益的优先保护并不能获得一个满意的结论。而事实上,通过对商品属性的分析可以发现,"酒水不能自带"的问题成为社会的热点在很大程度上是基于特定产品的特性,以及其所引起的消费者心理感受变化的原因。从宏观的角度来看,竞争法通过对竞争秩序的维护,可以在整体上为消费者提供更多的选择,从而实质性地保护消费者的选择权。     

Using an evolutionary perspective to understand the relationship between physical aggression and academic performance in late adolescents

In this study, we applied an evolutionary perspective to analyze the relationship between aggressiveness, academic performance, and sociality in a population of 528 adolescents of both sexes. In men, we expect physical aggression (PA) and sociality to be negative predictors of academic performance. However, in women, PA would be a negative predictor of academic performance, and sociality a positive one. Our results report a negative association between academic performance and PA in both sexes. As we expected, social effect derived from the use of PA seems to be different for each sex, where men could display a rebellious attitude to increase chances of finding a mate. In contrast, results for women are not conclusive, because no relationship between academic performance and any aggressive mechanism, were predicted by sociality. We conclude that an evolutionary framework, which includes sex-specific hypotheses, is appropriate to obtain a holistic perspective of this phenomenon.     

成人学习能力及相关影响因素的研究

成人学习者的学习质量与效果,与学习者本人的认知能力、职业、家庭、经济状况、健康状况等诸因素有关,也与目前成人教育制度及学习形式有关.随着社会变革和成人学习者需求的上升,成人教育制度和成人学习形式会发生更大的改革,并为成人教育事业带来新的生机.     

Can You Build a Better Cop?

Research Summary

By drawing from psychology and economics, we present an experimental evaluation of a procedural justice training program designed to “slow down” police officers’ thought processes during citizen encounters. We find that officers who were randomly assigned to participate in training were as engaged in the community as similarly situated officers, but they were less likely to resolve incidents with an arrest or to be involved in incidents where force was used. These changes were most evident among officers who worked in areas with a modest level of risk.

Policy Implications

Police officers who are actively engaged with the public can reduce crime through general deterrence and by arresting criminals. Nevertheless, excessive discretionary arrests and the use of force by officers can reduce public trust in the police. To date, there is scant evidence as to how police departments can successfully train officers to balance enforcement and public trust in the field. Through our study, we demonstrate that a relatively minor supervisory intervention may cause substantive changes in how police and citizens interact with each other.     

也论刑事一体化

本文以系统方法 ,对我国学界正在研究的“刑事一体化”进行了解剖与评析 ,指出 :要从系统性的角度对刑事法律及相关的规范、制度、政策在系统优化的过程中加以整合 ,从实体、程序、制度、政策的整体上把握刑法和相关规范的设计、运作 ,从系统性上规制刑事法体系 ;对刑事法的设计和操作要从整体结构的诸多关节点上细察、深究。     

试论罪犯的“自欺“心理对犯罪改造的影响及对策

从心理学角度而言 ,在遭遇外界刺激时 ,人们或多或少都会产生心理上的阻抗力 ,即形成自我防御机制。文章认为 ,罪犯“自欺”心理的产生虽然也是心理防御机制之一 ,但对刑法的震摄功能起到了消解的反作用 ,因此有必要加以认识和克服