抗人Tf及抗人Hb试剂盒的比较

目的研究比较抗人Tf(转铁蛋白)和抗人Hb(血红蛋白)试剂盒的实验方法。方法采用胶体金标记单克隆抗体结合免疫层析技术,对不同稀释度的人血、动物血进行检测,并对保存时间、溶解度等影响因素进行研究。结果抗人Tf和抗人Hb试剂盒同样具有简单、快速、灵敏、稳定、特异性好的优点,但抗人Tf试剂盒能检测出陈旧及难以溶解血痕。结论抗人Tf试剂盒适用于法医物证的血痕种属检验。     

行政哲学何以可能

作为一种特殊的部门哲学,行政哲学能否具有自己相对独立的学科地位,关键在于能否从哲学视野中确定自己独特的“问题域”,而这又取决于哲学是否具有不同于作为具体科学行政学的独特的“问题域”。只有恰当地阐释这些问题,才能有效地说明行政哲学能否可能、何以可能以及可能什么。     

珍灵口服液的主要药效与毒性研究

目的：对珍灵口服液进行主要药效及毒性研究。方法：采用酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）测定小鼠血清中IgG含量，采用植物血凝素（PHA）刺激淋巴细胞转化－－小鼠体内诱导法测定淋巴细胞转化率；用TBA反应比色法测定小鼠血清中脂质过氧化物（LPO）的含量，用NBT法（四氮唑蓝法）测定超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的含量；并进行了急性和长期毒性试验。结果：小鼠血清IgG含量、淋巴细胞数、红细胞内SOD含量明显升高（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）；血清中LPO含量明显降低（P＜0．05）；未见毒性反应。结论：珍灵口服液能增强机体免疫力，并具有降低机体损伤的功能，是安全有效的保健药品。     

Explaining Explanations: How Legislators Explain their Policy Positions and How Citizens React

Legislators claim that how they explain their votes matters as much as or more than the roll calls themselves. However, few studies have systematically examined legislators’ explanations and citizen attitudes in response to these explanations. We theorize that legislators strategically tailor explanations to constituents in order to compensate for policy choices that are incongruent with constituent preferences, and to reinforce policy choices that are congruent. We conduct a within‐subjects field experiment using U.S. senators as subjects to test this hypothesis. We then conduct a between‐subjects survey experiment of ordinary people to see how they react to the explanatory strategies used by senators in the field experiment. We find that most senators tailor their explanations to their audiences, and that these tailored explanations are effective at currying support—especially among people who disagree with the legislators’ roll‐call positions.     

Blurring the line between licit and illicit: transnational corruption networks in Central Asia and beyond

The anti-corruption norm in both scholarship and the policy world has too narrowly focused on the domestic and institutional context of bribe-taking and public corruption. Instead, we argue that corruption in the contemporary global economy requires a multiple set of connected transactions, processes, and relationships that take place within informal transnational networks that blur the line between illegal and legal activities. These networks include multinational companies, elites in host countries, offshore financial vehicles and conduits, middlemen and brokers, and destination financial institutions. We examine how these actors operate in Central Asia, a region that is widely identified as corrupt, yet is rarely understood as embedded in the types of global processes, offshore connections and transnational links specified in our analysis. Examples of offshore centers in tax planning from Central Asia, and partial results from a field experiment based on impersonating high corruption risks from four Central Asian states, provide evidence for how the various actors in transnational financial networks structure their dealings. We then present two brief illustrative cases of how these transnational networks have operated in energy explorations services in Kazakhstan and telecommunications contracts in Uzbekistan. Our findings have theoretical, practical, and normative implications for scholars and practitioners of Central Asian international political economy and other ‘high risk' regions.     

The Accuracy of Handheld Pre‐Arrest Breath Test Instruments as a Predictor of the Evidential Breath Alcohol Test Results

Drunk driving is a serious threat to public safety. All available and appropriate tools for curbing this threat should be employed to their full extent. The handheld pre‐arrest breath test instrument (PBT) is one tool for identifying the alcohol‐impaired driver and enforcing drunk driving legislation. A set of data was evaluated (n = 1779) where the PBT instrument was employed in drunk driving arrests to develop a multivariate predictive model. When maintained and operated by trained personnel, the PBT provides a reasonable estimate of the evidential test result within the relevant forensic range (95% prediction interval:  ± 0.003 g/210 L). ROC analysis shows that a multivariate model for PBT prediction of the evidentiary alcohol concentration above versus below the legal limit of 0.08 g/210 L has excellent performance with an AUC of 0.96. These results would be of value in evidential hearings seeking to admit the PBT results in drunk driving trials.     

A Simple Digestion Method with a Lefort Aqua Regia Solution for Diatom Extraction

Presence of diatoms in tissues has been considered as a significant sign of drowning. However, there are limitations in the present extraction methods. We developed a new digestion method using the Lefort aqua regia solution (3:1 nitric acid to hydrochloric acid) for diatom extraction and evaluated the digestive capability, diatom destruction, and diatoms' recovery of this new method. The kidney tissues from rabbit mixed with water rich in diatoms were treated by the Lefort aqua regia digestion method (n = 10) and the conventional acid digestion method (n = 10). The results showed that the digestive capability of Lefort aqua regia digestion method was superior to conventional acid digestion method (p < 0.01); the structure of diatom remained almost intact; and the recovery of diatom was comparable to the conventional acid digestion method (p > 0.05). The Lefort aqua regia reagent is an improvement over the conventional acid digestion for recovery of diatoms from tissue samples.     

农民隐形利益受损问题的成因及对策

“多予、少取、放活”是政府推进农村改革的总指针。“两个趋向”重要论断的提出,社会主义新农村建设的付诸实施,与这一总指针一脉相承,更加体现了中央解决“三农”问题的坚定决心和战略抉择。在“少取”的任务总体上已接近完成、“多予”和“放活”成为“三农”新政重点的同时,“三农”问题中农民隐形利益被“暗取”的问题却越来越突出。拿走农民隐形利益的“三大口子”是低价使用农民工、低价征用农民的土地和从农村大量吸储,对此,应立足于统筹城乡发展,努力消除收入分配的扭曲问题,切实保障失地农民的合法权益,加大金融支农的扶持力度,最终实现保障农民利益的目的。     

法医DNA分析的其他应用

综述了法医DNA的多种用途,如人死后根据体内DNA变化情况推断死后时间间隔,利用线粒体DNA4977bp的缺失以及端粒的长度推断年龄;利用昆虫mtDNA的细胞色素氧化酶亚基I进行昆虫种属鉴定,以帮助确定人的腐尸死亡时间;利用一些食血昆虫体内的人DNA帮助了解与案件的关系;利用DNA标记进行动物如犬、牛、马及猪等个体识别与亲子鉴定,解决因动物引起的纠纷,或者利用DNA分析嫌疑人周围的动物毛发、植物及土壤微生物等,确定嫌疑人与案件的关系。     

羧化胶乳凝集试验检测边缘无形体血清抗体的研究

利用边缘无形体可溶性抗原 ,以化学交联的方式致敏羧化胶乳制成胶乳抗原 ,成功地建立了一种检测牛边缘无形体血清抗体的胶乳凝集试验 (LAT)诊断方法。用制备的胶乳抗原分别检测瑟氏泰勒虫、双芽巴贝虫、衣原体、附红细胞体阳性血清 ,结果均为阴性 ;与边缘无形体标准阳性血清、免疫牛血清、流行区血清样品均呈明显的凝集反应。研究结果表明 ,LAT方法具有操作简单、快速、敏感性高、特异性强、成本低廉等优点 ,是一种特别适合于基层现场检测边缘无形体血清抗体的新方法。