When random assignment fails: Some lessons from the Minneapolis Spouse Abuse Experiment

In this paper, we consider what may be done when researchers anticipate that in the implementation of field experiments, random assignment to experimental and control groups is likely to be flawed. We then reanalyze data from the Minneapolis Spouse Abuse Experiment in a manner that explicitly models violations of random assignment. As anticipated, we find far larger treatment effects than previously reported. The techniques developed should be useful in a wide variety of settings when random assignment is implemented imperfectly.     

番鸭呼肠孤病毒乳胶凝集试验检测方法的建立

建立了用纯化的抗番鸭呼肠孤病毒(DRV)抗体致敏乳胶检测DRV抗原的方法。通过试验,确定抗体致敏乳胶的最佳浓度为1∶10(IgG蛋白浓度为0.424 2 mg/mL),最佳致敏温度为37℃,最佳致敏时间为120 min。用所建立的方法对人工感染的1 日龄雏番鸭30 只进行粪便检测,结果表明,感染后第3 d粪便中即可检测到病毒,直至人工感染鸭全部死亡都可从粪便中检出病毒抗原;对同样人工感染的30只1日龄雏番鸭的心、肝、脾病料用所建立的方法检测,结果表明,感染后第4 d,2/3番鸭脾病料检出阳性;感染后第5 d,2 只死亡鸭中有1 只肝病料检出阳性,脾病料2只都呈阳性;此后的病死鸭脾和肝病料均为阳性,而心则未检出阳性。     

吉林省证券期货领域犯罪特点及打防对策

吉林省证券期货领域犯罪,通过操纵证券期货交易的价格、连续交易、联手洗售、互相委托、虚买虚卖等一系列的欺诈手段,挪用客户资金,危害广大投资者的合法权益。吉林通海高科技股份公司为达到上市目的,申报材料中虚增主营业务利润5.5亿元,获得证监会批准后,募集资金16.88亿元,诈骗资金触目惊心。分析查找吉林省证券期货领域犯罪的原因,总结犯罪的基本特点和规律,研究打击防范证券期货领域犯罪的问题,已成为公安机关经侦部门的一项重要课题。     

Alpha-amylase kinetic test in bodily single and mixed stains

Recently, in Italy, a murder and a putative sexual violence was accomplished on a child. A bodily fluids mixture on the child's underwear between the victim (female) and the suspect (male) was ascertained by short tandem repeat (STR) DNA typing and, due to the absence of seminal fluid, saliva from the suspect and urine from the child was hypothesized. In order to investigate the possibility of specifically and rapidly detecting saliva stains both alone and mixed with other bodily fluids, we used a quantitative spectrophotometric technique, named Amylase test, for the detection of alpha-amylases. We determined alpha-amylase activity and reaction kinetic curves in several samples collected from the child's underwear. In order to confirm our intuition, we first tested saliva, perspiration, and urine, singularly and in mixtures; second, several forensic stains including saliva, perspiration, urine stains, saliva/perspiration, and saliva/urine mixture stains were tested. Evaluating alpha-amylase activity values and time-course curves' behavior of alpha-amylase reactions we were able to recognize successfully, in all cases, the presence of saliva and to distinguish it specifically from other bodily fluids containing alpha-amylase. A further confirmation of our result was provided by STR DNA typing on several areas of the underwear: a clear correlation between alpha-amylases activity and male DNA was detected on all the samples evaluated.     

第三法域之"三农问题"论纲

"三农问题"首先是一个政治问题,但从法治社会角度而言,"三农问题"同时是一个法律问题,而且是一个社会法问题.私法仅就农民利益问题寻求救济,而国家行为对市民社会亦难以作为,故"三农问题"由于牵涉到社会整体利益,应归于第三法域--社会法调整范畴.以社会法视角,可从降低农业人口、农村城市化和农民教育三方面,审视我国当前"三农问题".     

人权公约与生命权的刑法保护的比较研究

生命权是国际社会公认的基本人权。珍爱生命、保护生命权日益成为联合国国际人权公约和国际社会所致力追求的目标。刑法作为一国法律体系的重要组成部分,由于其保护法益的广泛性、重要性及其对违法行为制裁的严厉性,使得刑法对公民生命权的保护较之其他部门法而言更具举足轻重的意义。但就刑法对生命权的保护方式而言,中外刑法则主要通过对杀人罪的规定与限制和废除死刑两种"相对"的———或称"因果"的方式而完成的。从《公民权利与政治权利国际公约》的角度,就我国刑法对生命权的保护及其立法完善进行探讨,能使现行刑法较好较早地与国际人权公约接轨。     

欧美并购控制法实体标准比较研究

实体标准是整个并购控制体系的核心 ,也是反垄断法的重要内容之一。欧盟最新并购控制立法确立的“严重妨碍有效竞争”实体标准与美国奉行的“实质性减少竞争”标准一样都反映着并购控制的本质。欧美采取大同小异的并购实体标准有利于推动国际跨国并购审查结果的一致性 ,促进并购活动的发展。我国应确立“严重妨害正当竞争”实体标准并配套颁布并购评估指南 ,注重并购审查的经济分析     

Identification of human semenogelin in membrane strip test as an alternative method for the detection of semen

Semenogelin (Sg), a protein originating in the seminal vesicles and a substrate for prostate specific antigen (PSA or p30), is a useful marker for the identification of semen. And detection of Sg has been available commercially in a membrane test recently. PSA is commonly used to detect semen in forensic significant samples taken from sexual assault cases. The strip PSA test has been available commercially from various manufacturers for many years. In this study, we evaluated two immunochromatographic membrane tests, one for Sg and the other for PSA by analyzing human semen, other human bodily fluids/materials including urine, blood, saliva, sweat, breast milk, vaginal secretion and fecal materials, semen from various animals and forensic casework samples. The data demonstrate that both Sg and PSA strip tests provide rapid and sensitive method for identification of seminal plasma. These results show that the immunochromatographic method for Sg detection is useful for the identification of seminal plasma in forensic samples, an alternative to the method for PSA detection.     

Negotiating climate legislation: Policy path dependence and coalition stabilization

This article investigates the nature of policy path dependence through analysis of climate policy formation in the United States. In 2008 the US Congress attempted to pass the Lieberman–Warner bill, a comprehensive climate and energy package that would have capped greenhouse emissions and established a nationwide cap and trade program. In the same year, California successfully enacted the Global Warming Solutions Act. This article explores the circumstances of both cases and raises the question of why legislation at the state level was successful and took such a divergent form from legislation at the federal level. The divergence of these cases is used to highlight the nature of coalition formation and policy path dependence in the legislative process. Explanations of policy tend to gravitate toward either the generalizability of game theoretic approaches or the empirical depth of case studies. This article suggests a combined approach that uses case studies to analyze the positions and motivations of actors and to then model policy development over time. The approach examines policy through the formation and negotiation of policy coalitions. Drawing on the Advocacy Coalition Framework and omnibus analysis, the approach expands these coalition theories first by analysing legislative development at the interface of legislators and constituent interest groups, and second by adding temporal dimension to the analysis. The findings suggest that policy is path dependent in that it is negotiated between coalitions that in turn create stability in the policy process and insulate policy fields from external shocks. Policy path dependence suggests that theory alone is insufficient to predict policy outcomes; policy results depend strongly on prior policy efforts, historically and socially contingent coalitions, and the resulting framing of policy possibilities.     

Discrimination of transparent polyethylene films based on identification of inorganic antiblocking agents

Several nondestructive and semidestructive analyses were used to discriminate colorless transparent polyethylene bags. Transparent plastic bags made from low-density and linear low-density polyethylene usually contain antiblocking agents to prevent sticking of the film, which makes it difficult to open the mouths of plastic bags. Inorganic antiblocking agents are uniformly dispersed in polyethylene films, so they are easily observed using optical microscopy. The particle size distributions of the antiblocking agents were compared by statistical tests. Particle composition was examined by elemental analysis using energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry with a scanning electron microscope and by molecular vibration analysis using a sensitive microscopic Raman spectrometer. The compositions could be determined nondestructively on the basis of the results. These data reinforce the morphological discrimination. Morphological discrimination of the dispersed antiblocking agent powders, statistical comparison of particle size distributions, and compositional analysis of the antiblocking agents strengthen the ability to discriminate polyethylene films.