Forensic Facial Comparison: Issues of Admissibility in the Development of Novel Analytical Technique

Much contemporary debate in forensic science concerns validity and admissibility of scientific evidence in court. In this paper, three current approaches to facial identification—image superimposition, photogrammetry, and morphological analysis—are considered with regard to criteria for scientific evidence in the United States, and England, and Wales. The aim of the paper is to assess the extent to which facial image comparison meets criteria of admissibility in these jurisdictions. The method used is a comparative evaluation of the methods of facial image comparison and their underlying premises against the range of admissibility criteria reported in court rulings and relevant judicial and scientific inquiries in the United States and the United Kingdom. While the techniques of facial image comparison are generally accepted within their practitioner communities, they are not tested, and their error rates are unknown. On that basis, the methods of facial image comparison would appear not to meet the anticipated standards. They are, nevertheless, admitted in court in the United States, and England, and Wales. This paper concludes that further research in science and law will be necessary to more definitively establish admissibility of facial image comparison evidence, as it will for other nascent and novel methods that are potentially influential in court proceedings.     

大型活动风险评估与管理——封闭空间内的风险识别及控制

本文以项目管理中的项目风险管理思想为理论依据,兼而运用风险评估技术中的分析流程图法,即采用层次逻辑判断的方法,将大型社会活动封闭空间内可能出现的各种情形进行恰当的分类,针对每一类情形,梳理风险要素,进行分析和归类,并提出相应的风险管理建议,以期为公安及相关部门提供相应的参考.     

Is referendum voting distinctive? Evidence from three UK cases

The study of referendum voting follows much the same format as for general election voting. Influences on vote, however, are likely to differ significantly. Referendums decide issues, while general elections determine which party or parties will form the government. Parties are often divided on referendum issues and these issues tend to be of low salience. General elections, however, are contested by long-established parties on highly salient issues. Using panel data from the British Election Study and the 2011 Alternative Vote Referendum Study, we find that voters place different weights on party identification, issue positions, government and leader evaluations when voting in general elections and referendums, but the evidence for differential campaign effects is limited.     

现场遗留手印的分析与判断

随着新刑事诉讼法修改案的实行,法律赋予了犯罪嫌疑人更多人权的同时,给公、检、法机关的工作提出了更高的要求,并就证据的形式,证据的获取途径以及证据链等关于证据的法律效力方面做出了严格的规定和要求。随着社会的发展,各种形形色色的案件层出不穷,而真正留在现场的完整指印将少之又少,如何对现场手印进行分析和判断为侦查提供重要线索,文章结合实践总结出对现场手印分析的工作步骤和方法,以便锁定犯罪嫌疑人成为法庭审判予以采信的重要物证同时也能成为犯罪情报资料的重要来源。手印作为七种证据之一,在今后的打击犯罪和参与刑事诉讼方面仍将发挥重要作用,因此研究手印仍具有实战指导意义。     

关于行业治安管理中身份验证登记制度的探讨--以福建省为例

行政许可制度的改革,使行业治安管理工作出现一些新情况、新问题。如何执行好身份验证登记制度,是治安管理部门面临的一项课题。公民维权意识的增强,企业在市场经济中追求利益最大化,行业治安管理所依据的法律制度不健全,行政部门条块化管理的沟壑,以及当前警力紧张的压力等,使得治安管理部门在执行特种行业以及某些存在治安风险的行业身份验证登记制度中力不从心。当前应通过健全相关法律、创新管理方式,以推进制度的执行,扎实做好治安基础工作。     

眼动追踪技术及其在侦查辨认中的应用

辨认,从心理学角度来讲,是感知、记忆、再认的过程。通过眼动追踪技术可以实时采集辨认人在辨认过程中的眼动数据,了解其在辨认中是如何思考及做出辨认结果的心理认知过程。利用眼动追踪技术,分析证人、犯罪嫌疑人辨认过程中的眼动模式,有助于研究证人辨认的准确率、识别犯罪嫌疑人、辅助发现破案线索等问题。眼动追踪技术在侦查辨认领域有广阔的应用前景。     

简析赌博机犯罪之司法认定——以“两高一部”《意见》为视角

设置赌博机组织赌博活动构成开设赌场罪即所谓的赌博机犯罪。根据《意见》赌博机犯霏的司法认定,应该包括对利用赌博机组织赌饵行为的性质认定、定罪标准、罪与非罪的界定和共犯、赌资、赌博机的认定等方面内容的考量。     

“切开法”快速鉴定朱墨时序

朱墨时序是指印文与字迹形成的先后顺序。"朱"代表印文,"墨"指与印文形成交叠的字迹笔画。用"切开法"进行光敏印油、印泥印文和喷墨打印字迹、激光打印字迹、复印字迹的朱墨时序鉴定实验,取得了令人满意的效果。实验证明,"切开法",所需器材简单,操作简便,准确率高,对鉴定人从业经验也没有很高要求,非常适合基层一线单位使用。     

Beyond Identities: Political Determinants of Support for Decentralization in Contemporary Spain

Support for decentralization has generally been considered an outcome derived from the existence of regional or subnational identities. A recent complementary explanation has highlighted the role of politics to create regionally orientated support. We combine these two explanations by studying what determines the support for decentralization in Spain, an almost unique case where these two approaches can be tested. Using a hierarchical model, we show that in those regions without a different subnational identity, some citizens develop regionally orientated support because of their wish to bring the administration closer to the citizens and because their preferred party is pushing for further decentralization. In addition, we highlight the importance of considering decentralization as an outcome derived from party dynamics, which are able to shape political attitudes towards decentralization.     

眼动追踪技术的基本原理及其在侦查辨认中的应用前景

辨认从心理学角度来讲是感知、记忆、再认的过程。通过眼动追踪技术可以实时采集辨认人在辨认过程中的眼动数据,了解其在辨认中的是如何思考及做出辨认结果的心理认知过程。利用眼动追踪技术,分析证人、犯罪嫌疑人辨认过程中的眼动模式,有助于研究证人辨认的准确率、识别犯罪嫌疑人、辅助发现破案线索等问题,在侦查辨认领域有广阔的应用前景。