设计签名的特点和鉴定方法

设计签名作为特殊的签名种类有其特有的书写规范和特征．在设计签名笔迹鉴定中既要遵循一般的笔迹检验技术规范,又要重视和分析设计签名的特点,通过设计者、签名用途和书写条件等特征数量和质量的衡量标准,进而形成更加符合设计签名书写习惯的综合评断。     

论人大在预防群体性事件中的职能定位

群体性事件频发已成为影响我国社会和谐稳定的突出问题。本文认为,在影响群体性事件发生的诸因素中,人大的利益代表职能及监督职能未正常发挥是根本性因素。因此,有效预防与化解群体性事件,应完善人大的代表职能、沟通职能、监督职能,尽快建立人大代表职业构成比例制度及代表联系选民制度,逐步完善代表质询制度等三位一体的人大权力监督机制。     

论清代命案检验中的鉴定文书

清代的鉴定文书不仅应包括通说中的尸格、尸图、骨格、骨图,而且还应该包括通详类上行文书、仵作甘结,它们各有侧重,相互验证。通详类文书中有介绍现场勘查、分析说明的作用,仵作甘结则体现了验证图格,防止作弊的用处。三者共同构成了一套精巧的表达体系。同时,清朝还在损伤描述要素上作了规范化的努力。     

浅议建筑工程质量司法鉴定的特点、原则及其应用

建筑工程质量司法鉴定是司法鉴定的重要组成部分,通过对其特点、原则进行了分析,并结合广东省东莞市的具体工程案例介绍了其应用实况。     

亲子鉴定诉讼中的检查协助义务

从一个案例引出目前我国亲子鉴定中检查协助义务存在的司法困境,同时对我国现行关于亲子鉴定中检查协助义务的现状和相关的法条进行梳理分析,借鉴其他国家对亲子鉴定诉讼中的检查协助义务的立法经验并结合自身从事司法鉴定工作的实践,深入探讨在亲子鉴定中检查协助义务中应当注意的相关问题,提出对我国亲子鉴定中的协助义务进一步完善的初步构想.     

Who do you believe? Assessing student and community member perceptions of bystander and victim witnesses

ABSTRACT

Eyewitness identifications provide critical evidence as they are often persuasive to jurors, but documented misidentifications have led to wrongful convictions . Researchers have examined how jurors evaluate multiple eyewitnesses, but not different types of eyewitnesses, such as bystanders and victims. Additionally, none of this research has examined jurors’ ability to evaluate bystander and victim identifications that vary in quality. Two studies examined student and community members’ perceptions of bystander and victim witnesses. Study 1 participants read about a good or poor-quality identification made by a bystander or victim. Study 2 participants read about both bystander and victim identifications that varied in quality. Both studies found jurors were sensitive to identification quality as demonstrated by a variety of legal decisions, including verdict, though the quality of a second identification in Study 2 did not change any legal decisions. Multiple differences between student and community member samples emerged across both studies suggesting that community members are more likely to trust witnesses and convict. Reliance on student samples may overestimate jurors’ ability to evaluate multiple eyewitnesses and underestimate the likelihood of conviction based on flawed eyewitness evidence.     

短波紫外反射照相显现曲面客体上的潜在指印

目的：针对公安实践工作中经常遇到的问题，利用短波紫外反射照相提取曲面客体上的潜在指印，为曲面客体上的指印提取提供技术参考。方法：利用环形短波紫外灯小角度照射曲面客体，通过固定曲面客体使之仅沿中心轴线方向旋转，依次拍照记录，再导入Photoshop cc中通过图像拼接技术获得完整的指纹图片。结果：总结相机参数设置、曲面客体所产生的反射光斑以及曲面畸变对成像结果的影响，得出一套优化的拍摄方案。结论：曲率对拍摄难度、拼接难度、成像结果有着直接的影响，曲率越大，需要拍摄的照片数量越多，光斑遗留痕迹越严重，成像结果越差。     

短波紫外反射照相显现胶带粘面潜在指印

目的研究胶带粘面上指印的提取方法。方法用短波紫外照相的方法对各种胶带粘面的指印进行拍照提取。结果从理论上解释了短波紫外照相拍照提取胶带粘面上指印的原理,从实践上为短波紫外照相法提取胶带粘面上指印提供技术方法和技巧。结论为胶带粘面指印的提取提供了一种新的方法。     

Forensic analysis of hallucinogenic fungi: a DNA-based approach

Hallucinogenic fungi synthesize two controlled substances, psilocin and psilocybin. Possession of the fungal species that contain these compounds is a criminal offence in North America. Some related species that are morphologically similar, do not contain the controlled substances. Therefore, unambiguous identification of fungi to the species level is critical in determining if a mushroom is illegal. We investigate a phylogenetic approach for the identification of species that contain the psychoactive compounds. We analyzed 35 North American specimens representing seven different genera of hallucinogenic and non-hallucinogenic mushrooms. We amplified and sequenced the internal transcribed spacer region of the rDNA (ITS-1) and a 5′ portion of the nuclear large ribosomal subunit of rRNA (nLSU rRNA or 28S). ITS-1 locus sequence data was highly variable and produced a phylogenetic resolution that was not consistent with morphological identifications. In contrast, the nLSU rRNA data clustered isolates from the same species and separated hallucinogen containing and non-hallucinogen containing isolates into distinct clades. With this information, we propose an approach that combines the specificity of PCR detection and the resolving power of phylogenetic analysis to efficiently and unambiguously identify hallucinogenic fungal specimens for legal purposes.     

Phosphoglucomutase isoenzymes in human teeth

Powdered dentine samples were prepared from fresh teeth and teeth allowed to putrefy for up to 90 days. In some samples dentine only was included, whereas in others dentine plus pulp remnants were used. Extracts of the powders were tested for phosphoglucomutase activity by starch gel electrophoresis and PGM typing was carried out. Fresh teeth showed activity in at least 50% of cases as did putrefied dentine plus pulp remnants. Putrefied dentine alone showed minimal activity. The method may be useful for identification procedures using fragments of teeth.