Performance Testing of the New AMPAC Fire Debris Bag Against Three Other Commercial Fire Debris Bags(*)

Abstract: Fire debris evidence is collected and stored in a wide range of containers, including various polymer bags. Four different polymer bags have been investigated, including the NYLON, DUO, ALU, and AMPAC bags. The latter is the successor of the Kapak Fire DebrisPAK^?. Microscopy and infrared spectroscopy were used to elucidate the composition of the bags. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to investigate performance parameters such as background volatiles, leak rate, cross‐contamination, recovery, and sorption. The NYLON bag was susceptible for leakage and cross‐contamination and showed decreased recoveries. The DUO and ALU bags showed some background volatiles, sorption, and poor recoveries. The AMPAC bag performed excellent: low background, no leakage or cross‐contamination, good recoveries, and only traces of sorption. Heat sealing proved to be the best method of closure. Preliminary studies on AMPAC bags showed that polyethylene clamps are easy to use on‐site and preserve ignitable liquids adequately for a limited period of time.     

新型消防监督管理模式初探

随着市场经济体制的不断完善和社会经济持续发展,原有的消防监督管理模式已不能适应新形势的要求。要建立与市场经济体制要求相适应的消防工作新机制,应实现三个转变,即由行政管理向依法监督转变,由主要依赖消防机构向全社会齐抓共管,各负其责转变,由逐个检查向重点抽查转变。     

A New Method for the Characterization of the Degree of Fire Damage to Gypsum Wallboard for Use in Fire Investigations

A new method to characterize the degree of fire damage to gypsum wallboard is introduced, implemented, and tested to determine the efficacy of its application among novices. The method was evaluated by comparing degree of fire damage assessments of novices with and without the method. Thirty-nine “novice” raters assessed damage to a gypsum wallboard surface, completing 66 ratings, first without the method, and then again using the method. The inter-rater reliability was evaluated for ratings of damage without and with the method. For novice fire investigators rating degree of damage without the aid of the method, ICC(1,2) = 0.277 with 95% CI (0.211, 0.365), and with the method, ICC(2,1) = 0.593 with 95% CI (0.509, 0.684). Results indicate that the raters were more reliable in their analysis of the degree of fire damage when using the method, which support the use of standardized processes to decrease the variability in data collection and interpretation.     

加强古建筑消防工作 有效保护民族文化遗产

我国古建筑在火灾事故中损失惨重，而目前消防基础设施建设却不到位。应当采取培训职工、建立制度、配备器具、规范用电、配置报警装置、建设给水系统、强化防雷设施等举措，全面加强古建筑消防工作。     

基于AHP法的高校学生宿舍楼火灾危险性评估研究

应用层次分析法（AHP）从人、物、机、管理四个方面建立了高校学生宿舍楼火灾危险性评价指标体系。结合学生宿舍火灾危险性因素，讨论评价指标体系的建立及量化和权重的比较过程，为学校的消防安全管理提供相关定量分析方法。结果表明高校学生宿舍火灾危险性评估是一个减少火灾危险性的可行方法，对火灾的预防和消防管理具有指导意义。     

被辞退事业编制职工诉讼类型选择

机关单位辞退事业编制职工在一般情况下应归于民事关系,适用人事仲裁和民事诉讼程序解决。但是,当人事部门介入该关系后,性质就有可能发生变化。由于人事部门介入机关单位辞退事业编制职工的形式不同,又分为内部程序与外部程序,当内部程序介入时,人事部门不应对外成为责任主体,即便人事部门的行为被非正常外化仍然如此,因而不能成为行政诉讼的被告。     

火灾引起建筑坍塌的原因分析及预防措施

建筑物的坍塌是建筑火灾的次生灾害之一,国内外大量事例表明,火灾引起建筑坍塌事故对人民的生命财产安全和现场抢险人员的生命安全构成了严重的威胁,是一种伤亡情况较严重的灾害。本文分析了建筑火灾坍塌的原因和影响因素,并从建筑防火设计和消防救火两个方面提出了预防火灾坍塌事故的措施。     

嗅觉模拟技术在火灾探测中的应用

如何极早期并且准确探测到火灾历来是火灾探测研究的重点内容之一。近年来,基于气敏传感器阵列与模式识别方法的嗅觉模拟技术成为国内外研究的热点,并且成功应用于环境监测、医疗诊断、医药及食品工业、化工、军事等领域。目前已经有人尝试将其应用于火灾探测方面。将嗅觉模拟技术应用于火灾探测的实质就是利用嗅觉模拟系统中仿生的气敏元件感应火灾前(中)物质受热分解(燃烧)释放出的气味,这个感应时间早于火灾发生时间、甚至是阴燃发生的阶段,即早于传统火灾探测器的响应时间。所以将其应用于火灾探测领域可以解决以往火灾探测器响应时间晚、响应不准确的关键技术问题。嗅觉模拟技术在火灾探测方面表现出良好的发展潜力。     

Developing a Capacity for Self-Preservation and Emergency Management Among Battered Families

A study of families' responses to emergency situations was conducted. Participants included 5 single mothers, and their children, who had been victims of domestic violence. During baseline, families' survival skills were assessed in role-play scenarios involving threatening intruders, fire, and medical emergencies. Subsequently, family members were instructed in ways to manage these emergencies. Components of training were individualized on the basis of each family's situation (e.g., whether they possessed working automobiles, telephones). Results indicated all participants mastered these survival skills and maintained them during follow-up observations.     

深圳市“11．19”重大火灾事故的法医学鉴定

火灾事故的法医学鉴定是司法鉴定实践中的一个重要课题。１９９３年１１月１９日深圳致丽玩具厂发生重大火灾事故，烧死８７人，烧伤５１人。本文对事故中受难者的死亡原因及个人识方法别进行了分析。并对处理类似重大事故的法医学鉴定程序进行了探讨。