水通道蛋白-4研究进展及法医学意义

头颅创伤、脑卒中、脑肿瘤、缺血性脑损伤、出血性脑损伤均伴有脑水肿的发生，严重者可危及患者生命甚至造成死亡。水通道蛋白-4（Aquaporin-4）作为主要在脑组织中表达的水通道蛋白，起着调节脑内水转运的重要功能，参与脑水肿的病理生理过程，提示研究水通道蛋白-4表达水平可能为法医学外伤性脑损伤时间推断提供新的依据。     

膜攻击复合物对继发性脑损伤的影响

脑损伤后普遍存在的炎性反应激活补体并通过多种途径导致和加重继发性脑损伤。膜攻击复合物具有直接破坏血脑屏障、促使红细胞溶解、促进释放细胞因子、氧自由基和金属基质蛋白、加剧炎症反应的生物特性,从而加重继发性脑损伤。本文对膜攻击复合物造成继发性脑损伤的研究进行综述,希望能对相关研究和法医学鉴定提供参考。     

因工患传染病职工工伤认定研究 ——基于对《工伤保险条例》中“事故伤害”的法释义学分析

对于所患传染病种类非属于《职业病分类和目录》的职工,由于法律未有明文规定,实务中就是否认定工伤问题存在争议,导致相关职工难以获得工伤保险的救济。《工伤保险条例》保障因工作遭受事故伤害或者患职业病的职工。而职业病由《职业病分类和目录》法定列举,法律解释空间极小;事故伤害为不确定的法律概念,存在相当的法律解释空间。法院对患传染病职工工伤认定纠纷案件的裁判,呈现出将职工患传染病纳入遭受事故伤害的思考路径。研究通过贯彻宪法规范和价值,结合工伤保险的目的与工伤认定的本质,并为了法律概念的统一使用和行政法律规范之间的冲突解决,运用法释义学的方法,强化论证了传染病可被纳入事故伤害的解释范畴,从而化解因工患传染病职工认定工伤无法可依的困境。     

电针治疗不完全性脊髓损伤神经源性膀胱23例

目的 观察电针治疗不完全性脊髓损伤神经源性膀胱的疗效。方法 将43例脊髓损伤性神经源性膀胱患者按照入院顺序随机分为治疗组（23例）和对照组（20例）,对照组患者给予膀胱训练4周,治疗组患者加用电针治疗。治疗前后观察两组24 h排尿次数、每次尿量、每周尿失禁次数、膀胱容量和残余尿量的变化。结果 治疗后两组患者的24 h排尿次数、每周尿失禁次数、残余尿量均较治疗前显著下降(P<0.01),膀胱容量和每次尿量显著增加(P<0.01);治疗组在降低膀胱残余尿量和升高膀胱容量方面显著优于对照组（P<0.01）。结论 电针结合膀胱训练可明显改善脊髓损伤性神经源性膀胱患者的膀胱功能。     

阴黄证内毒素水平的实验研究

目的:探讨阴黄证血浆内毒素水平以及内毒素血症在阴黄证肝损伤发病机制中的作用.方法:选用Wistar大鼠24只,随机分为正常组、阳黄组及阴黄组.采用生化法测定内毒素含量和丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)活性.结果:与正常组比较,阳黄组血浆内毒素水平无显著性差异,而阴黄组显著高于对照组(P<0.01).阳黄组与阴黄组ALT活性显著高于正常组,且阴黄组显著高于阳黄组(P<0.01).阴黄组中内毒素水平与ALT活性之间呈正相关关系(r=0.993,P<0.01). 结论:内毒素血症为阴黄证常见并发症,内毒素血症在阴黄证肝损伤发病中具有重要作用.     

Spatial analysis of violent crimes in Metro Manila,Philippines

Spatial patterns of murder and physical injury in Metro Manila, Philippines were visualised through conditional choropleth maps. Relationship of both crime rates with some demographic variables were investigated while accounting for possible spatial autocorrelation using spatial lag models. Results show that both crime rates tend to cluster in the northern cities of Metro Manila. Furthermore, significant spatial lag coefficients were found only for physical injury rates, with values ranging from 0.49 to 0.62, signifying a positive city-level spatial dependence of physical injury rates in Metro Manila. Moreover, some demographic covariates, such as population density, percentage of young males, education, marriage, and immigration were found to be associated with both crime rates. These results could serve as useful indicators of crime incidence; thus it is recommended that crime monitoring systems include them to aid in resource allocation and program planning for better crime prevention and security management.     

Differences between Homicides Committed by Lone and Multiple Offenders in Korea

The aim of this study was to differentiate between homicides committed by multiple offenders and homicides committed by lone offenders. Using data on homicide incidents that occurred in South Korea between 1985 and 2008, we compared 134 homicides committed by multiple offenders, with 369 homicides committed by lone offenders. A greater proportion of homicides committed by multiple offenders involved injuries to the victim's head compared to homicides by lone offenders. Homicides committed by multiple offenders were more likely to involve blunt instruments and ligatures, whereas homicides by lone offenders were more likely to involve sharp instruments. In addition, a majority of the homicides committed by multiple offenders were planned. The results of this study have practical implications for homicide investigations, as well as theoretical implications for homicide research on the difference in offense behaviors based on the number of offenders.     

《损伤程度》与《致残分级》关于脊柱四肢评定条款的比较

本文对《人体损伤程度鉴定标准》和《人体损伤致残程度分级》有关脊柱四肢评定方面的条款进行比较研究。从结构破坏、功能障碍、结构破坏合并功能障碍等方面分析两者的异同,为损伤程度和致残程度评定提供借鉴。     

CBS在脑挫伤后损伤时间推断中的作用

目的观察胱硫醚β合成酶(cystathionineβ-synthase,CBS)在脑挫伤后皮质中不同时段的表达变化。方法利用改良的自由落体装置建立小鼠脑挫伤模型,通过Western印记法和免疫组织化学方法检测不同时间点(1 h、6 h、12 h、1 d、2 d、3 d、7 d)损伤区周围皮质CBS的表达变化。结果 Western印迹法显示,CBS在脑损伤后皮质中的表达下调,在损伤3 d时降到最低,于损伤7 d恢复到正常水平。免疫组织化学结果显示,CBS在正常皮质中有表达,损伤后表达逐渐减弱,损伤3 d后阳性表达明显减少,7 d恢复到正常水平。结论 CBS有望成为法医学推断脑挫伤后损伤经过时间的参考指标。     

Complex suicide: an unusual case with six methods applied

Complex suicides (CSs) are committed by using more than one method. They account for 1.5-5% of all suicides. We present a case of CSs of a 44-year-old man, found dead in the vicinity of his car, in a deserted frozen field. Police investigation excluded homicide, and no medical data confirmed mental illnesses. Autopsy revealed wrist cuts, neck cuts, acid burns in the GI tract, multiple stab wounds to the head by a screwdriver, and several uncertain signs of hypothermia. Toxicology analysis (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) confirmed ingestion of insecticide. We concluded that stab wounds to the head were the cause of death, while external hemorrhage and hypothermia were contributing factors. This is the first case of CSs reviewed in the literature where six suicide methods were applied. This particular case is interesting because the victim used a screwdriver as a tool for inflicting stab wounds to the head, which is a rare suicidal method.