闭合性脑损伤后血清和海马的蛋白质表达

目的 研究大鼠脑损伤后血清和海马中蛋白质表达的差异.方法 用雄性SD大鼠制造脑损伤模型,应用弱阳离子交换(WCX2)芯片和铜离子结合(IMAC-Cu)芯片结合表面增强激光解析电离飞行时间质谱技术,分析大鼠闭合性脑损伤后不同时间血清和海马中蛋白质表达谱的变化.结果 WCX2芯片在血清和海马样本中分别捕获436个和364个...     

外伤性癫痫法医学评定100例分析

目的探讨颅脑外伤后癫痫的法医学评定要点,提出外伤性癫痫的法医学评定依据。方法对100例颅脑损伤后癫痫患者门诊及住院病历,结合临床脑电图（EEG）结果、CT片、MRI片等影像学资料,进行了回顾性分析。结果依据GBl8667-2002《道路交通事故受伤人员伤残评定》标准有关颅脑损伤后癫痫发作类型、发作频率的相关条款规定,Ⅲ级伤残8人,Ⅴ级伤残10人,Ⅶ级伤残22人,Ⅸ级伤残40人,Ⅹ级伤残20人。误工期限、营养期限和护理期限评定结论时间长短差异较大,具有个体化特征。结论外伤后癫痫常继发于严重的颅脑损伤,其发作特点决定于颅脑外伤的部位和程度,外伤性癫痫法医学鉴定必须以外伤史及既往史为基础,结合电生理及影像学检查,综合癫痫发作类型、频率及药物控制情况作出正确的伤残等级及误工期限、护理期限、营养期限的鉴定结论。     

论违约责任中各种责任方式的适用

违约责任制度是合同法理论中的核心内容,根据《合同法》的规定,违约责任形式包括继续履行、损害赔偿、违约金、定金责任、其他补救措施等,违约责任形式的功能也不尽相同,而我国的违约责任的主要功能是补偿性,这就决定了各责任形式之问的适用规则是不同的,对这个问题的厘清,有助于司法实践部门对法律的正确适用.同时精神损害赔偿在合同法中...     

刑事附带民事诉讼精神损害赔偿制度之思考

为了切实保障被害人的合法权益,以刑代赔,仅仅给予公法的保护是远远不够的,精神损害赔偿制度已纳入了我国民事法律的调整范围。为了协调法律体系内部的矛盾,也使被害人的利益得到最好的保护,应尽快建立起刑事附带民事诉讼精神损害赔偿制度。     

Cardiac Injuries Caused by Blunt Trauma: An Autopsy Based Assessment of the Injury Pattern

Abstract:  Nonpenetrating chest trauma with injury to the heart and aorta has become increasingly common, particularly as a result of rapid deceleration in high-speed vehicular accidents, over the past 2–3 decades. The high mortality rate of cardiac injuries and possible late onset complications make blunt cardiac injuries an important challenging point for legal medicine. One hundred and ninety cases with blunt cardiac injuries in a period of 3 years were analyzed retrospectively in terms of patterns of cardiac injury, survival times, and demographic profiles of the cases in this study.     

An Unusual Zip Gun Suicide—Medicolegal and Ballistic Examination

Abstract:  Home-made guns are imitations of typical firearms and usually have handgun characteristics. This article presents an unusual case of a suicide carried out by means of a fatal gunshot wound to the head using a home-made zip gun. A 49-year-old male, with a history of paranoid psychosis was found dead in the dwelling place of a family house. The investigation at the crime scene did not lead to suspicion of a gunshot wound because of the unusual nature of the firearm used. A medical examiner diagnosed an opened head injury as the primary cause of the victim's death. The autopsy findings provided immediate grounds for further inspection of the crime scene. Subsequently, a simple zip gun, which had been overlooked during the scene investigation, was discovered. An undeformed projectile recovered from the victim's head was consistent with the use of the home-made firearm. Following the completion of the investigations and autopsy, the death was classified as a suicide.     

1,2,4‐Triazine‐Based Chromogenic Reagents for the Detection of Microtraces of Various Metals Left on Human Skin*

Abstract: This article extends the application of 1,2,4‐triazine‐based chromogenic reagents to the detection of nonferrous metal traces left on contact with canvas and human skin. The possibility of detection of iron traces resulting from contact with objects made of stainless steel was investigated as well. Additionally, the ability of triazines to form chromatic complexes with Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, Cr³⁺, and Al³⁺ ions was studied spectrophotometrically. Molar absorption coefficients, ranging from 8.8 to 29.9 × 10³/M/cm, provide high sensitivity of 1,2,4‐triazines toward nonferrous ions, thus, enabling the detection at concentrations as low as a few μM. The method was sensitive enough to detect traces resulting from a 1‐min contact with a stainless steel made object, which is commonly considered as a corrosion‐resistant material. The amounts of metal ions transferred to the skin after a 2‐min contact with objects made of brass, zinc, and copper were sufficient to develop chromatic imprints.     

Contributions from Forensic Imaging to the Investigation of Upper Cervical Fractures

Abstract: Injuries to the upper cervical spine (UCS) are common in traumatic deaths and postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) may contribute to the forensic investigation. This study presents PMCT in comparison with autopsy in the examination of UCS injury. Thirteen consecutive cases with UCS fracture and/or cranio‐cervical dislocation were examined with PMCT and autopsy, and the findings were correlated. Neither of the techniques identified all UCS injuries. Fractures of atlas and axis were best visualized with PMCT whereas cranio‐cervical dislocation was better identified during autopsy. Serious injuries were present after both high‐ and low‐energy trauma. Medico‐legal autopsy in combination with PMCT produced a thorough evaluation of UCS injuries. By combining these procedures detailed investigations, including accident reconstruction and injury pattern analysis, can be performed. This study supports the routine application of PMCT, as a supplement to the medico‐legal autopsy of deaths with UCS injuries.     

脑外伤者血浆NSE含量与损伤程度的相关性

目的探讨血浆中神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）含量与创伤性脑损伤程度的关系及法医学意义。方法选取25名健康体检者、34名颅脑损伤患者作为研究对象,根据入院时的GCS评分,将颅脑损伤患者分为轻中型组（GCS≥8分）和重型组（GCS〈8分）。用酶联免疫法对上述研究对象血浆中神经元特异性烯醇化酶含量进行检测。结果在脑外伤24h内,颅脑损伤组血浆中神经元特异性烯醇化酶含量较正常对照组升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,重型组与轻中型组相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,血清中血浆中神经元特异性烯醇化酶含量越高,患者颅脑损伤程度越严重。结论神经元特异性烯醇化酶可作为早期检测创伤性颅脑损伤的特异性指标,其含量越高,颅脑损伤程度越重。     

大鼠脑外伤后大脑皮质脑红蛋白的表达

目的探讨脑外伤后大脑脑红蛋白（Ngb）的时空变化规律及其法医学意义。方法实验大鼠分为打击后15min、30min、1h、3h、6h、12h、1d、2d 8组,并设正常对照组。采用硬膜外局部打击方法复制SD大鼠外伤性局灶性脑挫伤模型,在各组预设时间点断颈处死,并按损伤区、打击周边缘区和非损伤区皮质分别取材,采用半定量反转录聚合酶链式反应（半定量RT-PCR）方法和图像分析技术观测脑外伤后Ngb mRNA表达的变化规律,并对所测数据进行统计学分析。结果大鼠脑外伤后脑损伤区Ngb mRNA表达在伤后15min开始下降,24h降至最低水平;打击周边损伤区NgbmRNA表达于伤后15min即可见表达增高,12h增高达峰值;非损伤区皮质Ngb mRNA表达强于正常皮质。结论 Ngb在脑损伤的急性阶段对神经细胞有保护作用。