挤压伤大鼠血清对血管内皮细胞凋亡的作用及机制探讨

目的观察挤压伤大鼠血清对血管内皮细胞凋亡的影响及可能机制。方法培养小牛主动脉内皮细胞,观察挤压伤大鼠血清对培养的血管内皮细胞凋亡及胞内钙浓度的影响,并检测血浆内皮素-1(endothelin-1,ET-1)及心钠素(atrial natriuretic peptide,ANP)的含量。结果与正常大鼠血清相比,挤压伤大鼠血清致细胞的凋亡百分数由(8.26±1.75)%降为(2.75±0.90)%,胞内钙浓度由(96.98±3.95)nmol/L增加到(118.79±3.22)nmol/L,挤压伤大鼠血浆内皮素-1和心钠素含量显著增高。结论肢体挤压伤大鼠血清可抑制血管内皮细胞的凋亡,此效应可能与内皮素-1和心钠素诱发胞内钙浓度增加有关。     

大鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中泛素的表达及其法医学意义

目的观察大鼠皮肤切创后泛素(ubiquitin)表达的变化规律。方法应用免疫组化方法,观察大鼠皮肤切创后1、3、6、12h和1、3、6、10、14d ubiquitin的表达情况,并用图像分析系统进行图像分析。结果正常对照组大鼠皮肤有低水平ubiquitin表达,切创后ubiquitin表达增加,伤后6d达峰值,伤后10d开始下降,伤后14d恢复到正常水平。结论ubiquitin可作为法医学损伤时间推断的有效指标。     

The Role of Forensic Botany in Reconstructing the Dynamics of Trauma from High Falls

The analysis of botanical traces can be supportive, especially when the crime scene investigation and autopsy do not provide sufficient information. This issue arises most commonly in fatal falls from height. We report the case of a man found dead below a hill. The body showed traumatic injuries from a fall. During the scene investigation, a sampling of botanical elements was carried out on three zones of the hill called the point of loss of balance, the point of fall, and the point of impact. The botanical elements collected on the three zones were compared with those found on the victim and an autopsy was performed. The botanical analysis clarified the phases of falling, as well as allowing us to reconstruct the dynamics and the accidental manner of death.     

Severe Cardiac Rupture by Only One Blow to the Chest in a Young Boy: An Autopsy Case

Cardiac rupture by blunt chest trauma is commonly seen after motor vehicle accidents and falls; however, it is rarely caused by a blow to the chest. We herein report an autopsy case of a high school boy who sustained severe right ventricular rupture by only one knee kick to the chest during a quarrel. He was hospitalized and developed cardiopulmonary arrest. Emergency surgery was performed, but the patient died. The autopsy revealed no external severe trauma or deformation, but the side wall of the right ventricle contained a large V‐shaped laceration. The other thoracic organs had no injuries. This case illustrates that severe cardiac rupture can occur by only one blow to the chest. Blunt cardiac injuries can occur even if no severe injuries are present on the body surface. We should consider the possibility of severe cardiac injuries regardless of the presence of external injuries.     

Performance Evaluation of a Registered Ballistic Database Using the Evofinder® System

Firearms for police in China are registered along with their fired bullets and cartridge cases. A Registered Ballistic Database (RBD) of 1000 Norinco QSZ‐92 pistols with registered ammunition was established and was evaluated through the Evofinder® system. In this research, 1000 bullets and 1000 cartridge cases were randomly selected and correlated against an RBD of 2996 bullets and 2999 cartridge cases. Examiners found that successful identifications all ranked 1st, supported with land (100%), groove (97%) engraved areas, and primary marks (85.6%) for bullets, and firing pin impressions (99.8%), and breech face marks (99.9%) for cartridge cases. Two known matches (KM) for the same pistol rank in the top two (100%). The distribution of similarity scores varies from marks; however, the Evofinder® system could still effectively distinguish known matches from known nonmatches (KNM) for either bullets or cartridge cases. This study demonstrates the efficiency of the RBD.     

The Reconstruction of the Dynamic of a Murder Using 3D Motion Capture and 3D Model Buildings: The Investigation of a Dubious Forensic Case

Photographic surveying is fundamental to crime scene investigation. It is performed using 2D images; however, this method is limited because it does not offer a detailed view. We present a 3D (three‐dimensional) experimental model that has clarified unsolved aspects of a homicide. A woman was found dead in her home. Considering the large number of injuries on the victim, signs of the use of two weapons, and the absence of traces of the killer/s, several hypotheses about the dynamics and the number of offenders were made. The forensic surveys suggested that a single offender had used two weapons at the same time, but this hypothesis was considered to be impossible by investigators. Our 3D model allowed us to experimentally reproduce the murder and compare various dynamics. The model was used as evidence in Court to prove the hypothesis of a single killer and demonstrate that no other people were involved.     

Evaluation of Total Nitrite Pattern Visualization as an Improved Method for Gunshot Residue Detection and its Application to Casework Samples

Visualization of nitrite residues is essential in gunshot distance determination. Current protocols for the detection of nitrites include, among other tests, the Modified Griess Test (MGT). This method is limited as nitrite residues are unstable in the environment and limited to partially burned gunpowder. Previous research demonstrated the ability of alkaline hydrolysis to convert nitrates to nitrites, allowing visualization of unburned gunpowder particles using the MGT. This is referred to as Total Nitrite Pattern Visualization (TNV). TNV techniques were modified and a study conducted to streamline the procedure outlined in the literature to maximize the efficacy of the TNV in casework, while reducing the required time from 1 h to 5 min, and enhancing effectiveness on blood‐soiled samples. The TNV method was found to provide significant improvement in the ability to detect significant nitrite residues, without sacrificing efficiency, that would allow for the determination of the muzzle‐to‐target distance.     

A Ballistics Examination of Firearm Injuries Involving Breast Implants

This ballistics study examines whether saline breast implants can decrease tissue penetration in firearm injuries. We hypothesize that the fluid column within a saline breast implant can alter bullet velocity and/or bullet pattern of mushrooming. The two experimental groups included saline implants with 7.4 cm projection and a no implant group. The experimental design allowed the bullet to pass‐through an implant and into ballistics gel (n = 10) or into ballistics gel without passage through an implant (n = 11). Shots that passed through an implant had 20.6% decreased penetration distance when compared to shots that did not pass‐through an implant; this difference was statistically significant (31.9 cm vs. 40.2 cm, p < 0.001). Implant group bullets mushroomed prior to gel entry, but the no implant group mushroomed within the gel. Bullet passage through a saline breast implant results in direct bullet velocity reduction and earlier bullet mushrooming; this causes significantly decreased ballistics gel penetration.     

虎地肠溶胶囊对宫颈癌放射治疗致急性肠损伤的防护作用

目的 探讨虎地肠溶胶囊对宫颈癌患者放射性肠损伤的治疗效果。方法 将54例宫颈癌患者随机分成对照组和观察组,每组27例,对照组予以同步放射治疗和化学治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用虎地肠溶胶囊;观察两组放射性损伤发生的时间、严重程度;放射治疗前后采用磁共振小肠造影（magnetic resonance enterography, MRE）检查肠损伤程度;采用欧洲癌症研究和治疗组织的30条目生活质量问卷（The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Quality of Life Questionnaire Count 30, EORTC QLQ C30）评估两组患者放射性治疗前后生活质量。结果 观察组放射性肠损伤出现时间较对照组显著延迟（P＜0.05）;两组放射性肠损伤分级比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);MRE检查结果显示,两组放射治疗后小肠黏膜均明显增厚（P＜0.05）,观察组肠黏膜厚度增加程度显著小于对照组（P＜0.05）。EORTC QLQ C30显示虎地肠溶胶囊能够明显改善放射治疗致急性肠损伤的宫颈癌患者的生活质量。结论 虎地肠溶胶囊可有效延缓宫颈癌患者放射治疗后放射性肠损伤的发生,改善放射治疗后肠壁的水肿状态,提高患者生活质量。     

重症胃肠功能障碍中西医结合集束化防治管理优化方案研究

目的 观察3个不同的集束化防治管理方案对重症胃肠功能障碍（急性胃肠损伤）患者关键预后指标的影响,筛选优化的集束化防治管理方案。方法 将180例ICU患者随机分为3组,实施3种不同的治疗方案（方案1是尽早限制性给予肠内营养,以及早期给予肠外营养和中药;方案2是尽早给予合理性肠内营养和中药,3 d后肠内营养不足目标热量60%时加肠外营养;方案3是方案2减去中药）,疗程为7 d,比较3种方案对患者腹腔内压（intra abdominal pressure,IAP）、腹腔灌注压（abdominal perfusion pressure, APP）、胃肠功能、病情严重程度、ICU住院时间、28 d存活率、ICU病死率等的影响。结果 治疗后方案2组患者IAP显著降低,APP显著升高,病情严重程度减轻,28 d存活率显著增高（P<0.05）。结论 方案2能改善重症胃肠功能障碍患者的IAP、APP和病情,提高患者28 d存活率,显著优于方案1和方案3。