欧洲宪法法院给我国违宪审查制度建构的启示

违宪审查制度是人类政治与法治史上最重要的制度之一,也是现代国家限制国家权力、保护公民权利最有效的手段。我国应借鉴欧洲宪法法院违宪审查的经验,逐步建构我国的违宪审查制度,设立专门的宪法救济机构,规定公民个人作为启动宪法救济的主体,规定具体的宪法救济方法与程序,并在时机成熟时将那些侵害公民宪法权利的案件逐步交给普通法院解决。     

公安机关盘问、留置权的特性与运用

公安机关要切实做到合理、合法运用盘问、留置措施,关键要准确把握好特定性、限定性、广泛性、两重性、特殊性、规范性六个特性。     

试论出版职业资格的错位与重建

出版专业技术人员职业资格制度的建立,对加强出版专业技术队伍建设,提高人员素质和业务水平起到了积极作用。但目前该制度在现实的运行和贯彻中仍存在不少问题,如职业与资格脱节、资格与出版脱节、技术等级与执业资格的不当结合。应分解现有的职业资格考试制度,建立与出版单位年检等相挂钩的出版从业人员管理制度。     

两大法系司法考试制度之比较与借鉴

统一司法考试在我国刚刚确立 ,尚存在诸多需完善之处 ,因此如何借鉴外国成功的经验对我国司法考试制度至关重要。两大法系司法考试制度各有特色 ,对其进行介绍、比较 ,是进一步完善我国司法考试制度的当务之急。     

Development of a simple and non-destructive examination for counterfeit coins using acoustic characteristics

The measurement of the sound by the shock wave and the analysis of the natural frequencies were carried out for the authentic and five kinds of counterfeit 500-yen coins for the purpose of the quick and simple discrimination. Four peaks of natural frequencies were observed in the range of 5–20 kHz for authentic coins. On the other hand, only three peaks were observed for some kinds of the counterfeit coins. Four peaks were observed for other counterfeit coins, however the peaks were slightly shifted compared to those for authentic coins. These results show that the discrimination of the counterfeit coins from authentic ones can be realized by the examination of the natural frequencies. This method is quite useful for the simple screening of authentic and counterfeit coins.     

陪审团在死刑案件中适用的价值分析

死刑案件作为最严重的案件,作为关涉公民生命权的案件,它的审判是我们在构建正当法律程序时需要关注的重点。文章以价值分析为主视角,从哲学思辨和实证分析入手,提出在我国的死刑案件中引入陪审团审判,以构建强大的死刑案件普通审程序之设想,试图通过在死刑案件中引入陪审团审判,扩大刑事司法中的民众参与和司法民主,促进司法公正和社会正义之实现。     

Color separation in forensic image processing

In forensic image processing, it is often important to be able to separate a feature from an interfering background or foreground, or to demonstrate colors within an image to be different from each other. In this study, a color deconvolution algorithm that could accomplish this task is described, and it is applied to color separation problems in document and fingerprint examination. Subtle color differences (sometimes invisible to the naked eye) are found to be sufficient, which is demonstrated successfully for several cases where color differences were shown to exist, or where colors were removed from the foreground or background. The software is available for free in the form of an Adobe Photoshop-compatible plug-in.     

A simple microthermal desorption device

A new method for thermal desorption of small samples is presented. The method uses a solid phase microextraction (SPME) holder with the fiber removed. The sample-for example, an ink sample on paper-is simply placed inside the needle of the holder, where normally an SPME fiber is positioned. The thermal desorption is then performed on any kind of gas chromatograph in a manner similar to that for SPME analysis. The needle of the SPME holder penetrates the injector septum; the temperature of the thermal desorption is simply the temperature of the injector. No solvents or liquid nitrogen cooling are used. The paper sample is kept inside the holder needle during the analysis. After the analysis is completed, the sample is removed from the needle by pushing forward the steel wire inside the needle in the way normally used to perform sampling with the SPME fiber. The desorbed compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector or by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The optimum temperature for desorption of ink samples on paper was 200 degrees C. The influence of the paper matrix is negligible at that temperature. Laboratories lacking the commercial device for thermal desorption can use this cheap device for the analysis of, for example, writing ink, printing ink, and inkjet ink samples on paper. Other types of samples can be investigated but the size of samples suitable for analysis is limited.     

我国《刑事诉讼法》中“预审”问题研究

预审制度在我国经历了曲折的发展历程,1997年公安部决定实行侦审合一以后,少数公安机关仍然坚持侦审分离,有些公安机关恢复或正在恢复独立的预审机构,<刑事诉讼法>正面临再次修改,应将预审制度保留,并进一步强化预审的职能.     

土地征收审批的正当程序改革

程序正当是土地征收理应遵循的原则,实践中的改革已使报批前的准备阶段包含正当程序要素,然而公告之前的征收审批是否也应遵循该原则却有争议。征收审批内部程序运作的技术性设置不能改变其具体行政行为的属性,而其在实质上还具有对土地权利变动进行裁决的功能。征收审批的行为属性和功能属性理论上均要求引入正当程序。现行征收审批是由申请机关单方主宰信息的封闭决策过程,这导致审批机关缺乏第三方信息对报批材料进行验证。提高审批实效的要求呼唤引入正当程序作为信息传导机制。审批机关可利用拟被征收人表达异议或抗辩的信息弥补无法观测到申请机关行为的局限,增强对报批材料的核实能力。