Gauging support for innovative farmland preservation techniques

Given growing concerns about the loss of farmland in the US, governmental and nonprofit groups are seeking innovative, cost-effective methods to preserve lands that will elicit additional landowner participation. This article describes four innovative farmland preservation techniques and derives implications for the policy process through interviews of key stakeholders: program administrators, lawmakers, and landowners. Experts on farmland preservation were also interviewed to ensure stakeholder perceptions substantively inform the policy process. Four techniques were selected for assessment from approximately 30 novel techniques. Reactions to these policy options reflect stakeholder perceptions of a baseline condition; the perceptions help evaluate which options are likely to survive the policy process and what attributes will lead to their acceptability because few of these techniques have yet become policy. Although the stakeholders may have more limited experience with the policy process, land preservation experts validated many of the results and the possibility of success in the “rough and tumble” of the policy process. Of the four investigated techniques rights of first refusal was the most favored, although respondents thought effective implementation would require careful targeting and a dedicated funding source. Experts agreed this technique was most likely to survive in the political arena. Agricultural conservation pension was also viewed favorably, though it was considered administratively difficult to implement. Several experts thought that, though inchoate, the pension plan could potentially be more cost effective than rights of first refusal. Land preservation tontines were perceived to be an interesting concept, but confusing, difficult to implement, and ill-defined. Term conservation easements were viewed unfavorably because they did not preserve land permanently.

Family Group Conferencing and Re‐Offending Among First‐Time Juvenile Offenders: The Indianapolis Experiment

Restorative justice processes, and family group conferences in particular, have become increasingly common in justice system practices across the globe. There has also been significant scholarly interest. Yet, with several notable exceptions, much of the research has been characterized by relatively weak designs, and questions related to the impact of family group conferences on re‐offending remain unanswered. This research is intended to begin to address these issues. The study is based on an experiment conducted in Indianapolis, Indiana whereby young, first‐time‐offending youths were randomly assigned to either a family group conference or one of a number of court‐ordered diversion programs. Nearly 800 youths participated in the experiment, and the cases were tracked for 24 months following their initial arrest. Survival analysis techniques were used to compare prevalence patterns of re‐offending among the treatment and control groups. The results indicated a significant difference between the two groups with the control group experiencing higher rates of failure (re‐offending). The differences were most pronounced during the period of 3–8 months following the initial arrest. Incidence rates were also compared. Assignment to the treatment group was negatively related to incidence of offending. Given the consistent finding of victim benefits in restorative justice processes, the results suggest that conferences hold promise as an effective intervention, at least for young first‐time offenders, and warrant continued experimentation.     

论非讼法理在诉讼程序中适用的限度

诉讼事件的对立性、裁量性、公益性、迅速性、展望性等均可作为诉讼程序中适用非讼法理所考虑的标准.非讼法理在诉讼程序中适用的个别化、具体适用标准的流动化,实际上就承认了民事诉讼中程序保障的个别化和多样化.当事人的听审请求权保障就是非讼法理在诉讼程序中适用的限度.     

Elemental Characterization and Discrimination of Nontoxic Ammunition Using Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X‐Ray Analysis and Principal Components Analysis

Concerns over the toxic by‐products produced by traditional ammunition have led to an increase in popularity of nontoxic ammunition. In this work, the chemical composition of six brands of nontoxic ammunition was investigated and compared to that of a road flare, which served as an environmental source with similar composition. Five rounds of each brand were fired while a further five were disassembled and the primer alone was fired. Particles collected from all samples, including the road flare, were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray analysis. Common elements among the different ammunition brands included aluminum, potassium, silicon, calcium, and strontium. Spectra were then subjected to principal components analysis in which association of the primer to the intact ammunition sample was generally possible, with distinction among brands and from the road flare sample. Further, PCA loadings plots indicated the elements responsible for the association and discrimination observed.     

论构建和谐社会视野下的流动人口管理与服务

改革开放30年来,流动人口对社会经济发展作出了巨大贡献。但是,由于人们思想认识上的偏差和社会保障制度的缺失,流动人口工作还存在许多问题。在建设和谐社会的大背景下,为做好流动人口工作,应坚持“公平对待、合理引导、完善管理、搞好服务”的原则,以人为本,在服务中实施管理、在管理中体现服务。     

两代农民工差异之比较

随着我国工业化、城镇化进程的不断加快,越来越多的农村富余劳动力开始向城市和乡镇企业转移。在这个过程中,出现了第一代和新生代两代不同的农民工群体。两代农民工群体在思想观念、外出动机、职业选择等方面都存在差异性,对其进行分析比较,能够更好地促进农民工群体的健康发展。     

柴郁温胆汤及其拆方对慢性应激抑郁大鼠的作用

目的 研究柴郁温胆汤及其拆方对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠的治疗作用。方法 选择旷场行为学评分相近的56只大鼠,随机分为正常组、模型组、柴郁温胆汤组、调气血组、化痰组、养心脾组、马普替林组,每组8只,以孤养联合慢性不可预见性轻度应激方法复制大鼠抑郁模型,对大鼠进行旷场行为学测定并评分,对大鼠进行糖水消耗实验并测定体质量变化,并采用高效液相色谱-电化学方法检测大鼠大脑前额叶脑皮质去甲肾上腺素(norepinephrine,NE)、5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)的含量。结果 模型组大鼠旷场行为评分水平活动和垂直活动均显著下降(P<0.05,或P<0.01),蔗糖水消耗量明显下降(P<0.01),体质量增长缓慢(P<0.05,或P<0.01),脑内NE、5-HT含量降低（P<0.05）。柴郁温胆汤及部分拆方能显著改善模型大鼠的行为学变化（P<0.05,或P<0.01),增加大鼠脑内NE、5-HT的含量（P<0.05）。〖JP〗结论 柴郁温胆汤及其拆方具有抗抑郁作用,其中全方的抗抑郁作用优于各拆方。     

对马克思主义大众化的三维解读

在当代中国,必须从理论、信仰、实践三个维度理解、解读马克思主义大众化。只有这样,才能推动当代中国马克思主义大众化。     

论“第一类自诉案件”存在的问题及完善

第一类自诉案件也就是告诉才处理的案件在实践当中存在着许多问题,如侵占罪作为自诉案件在实践当中很难操作;侮辱、诽谤罪中“严重危害社会秩序和国家利益”的理解问题;以及检察机关担当自诉问题。本文从这类自诉案件存在的问题入手,提出了相应的完善途径,以期对这类自诉案件的完善有所帮助。     

气相色谱-质谱联用法分析 3种方法提取的三七挥发性成分

目的 运用气相色谱-质谱联用法对不同方法提取的三七挥发性成分进行比较分析。方法 分别采用回流提取法、超声提取法、静态顶空法提取三七挥发油,运用气相色谱-质谱联用技术,运用NIST11.0质谱数据库和峰面积归一化法对已分离的化合物进行鉴定并计算各成分的相对含量。结果 从回流提取、超声提取、静态顶空法提取的三七挥发油中分别鉴定出60、50、24个挥发性成分。在静态顶空法中相对质量分数最高的是香桧烯,占挥发性成分的24.97%;在回流提取法和超声提取法中相对质量分数最高的都是聚炔类物质环氧十三烷-4,11-二炔,分别占挥发性成分的9.97%和14.75%。首次从三七挥发性成分中鉴定出3个聚炔类化合物和2个甾体类化合物。结论 三七中挥发性成分主要为烷烃类、烯烃类、醛类、酸类、酯类、萜类、聚炔类、甾体类和杂环类物质。3种方法的补充利用可较全面地提取出三七中的挥发性物质。