Elemental Characterization and Discrimination of Nontoxic Ammunition Using Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X‐Ray Analysis and Principal Components Analysis

Concerns over the toxic by‐products produced by traditional ammunition have led to an increase in popularity of nontoxic ammunition. In this work, the chemical composition of six brands of nontoxic ammunition was investigated and compared to that of a road flare, which served as an environmental source with similar composition. Five rounds of each brand were fired while a further five were disassembled and the primer alone was fired. Particles collected from all samples, including the road flare, were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray analysis. Common elements among the different ammunition brands included aluminum, potassium, silicon, calcium, and strontium. Spectra were then subjected to principal components analysis in which association of the primer to the intact ammunition sample was generally possible, with distinction among brands and from the road flare sample. Further, PCA loadings plots indicated the elements responsible for the association and discrimination observed.     

银行业完全开放后我国商业银行与外资银行的竞争策略博弈分析

运用动态的先来后到博弈模型、赫特林模型以及在共同竞争中的合作博弈分析我国商业银行在外资银行的全面进入的条件下应采用的竞争策略,可以得出如下结论：中外银行之间相互合作才能达到双方与社会效率最优;我国商业银行应该采取提高自己产品的差异性、合理网点布局、加强资产结构和产品结构的调整等策略;只要贴现率δ足够大,中外资银行之间的合作关系是可以维持的。     

帮助犯的因果关系

从不同的共犯处罚根据学说的立场出发,对帮助犯的因果性问题会有不同认识。但是,站在修正引起说的立场上,可以得出要求共犯行为也必须与通过正犯行为引起的法益侵害结果之间的因果关系的结论。在具体判断共犯行为与犯罪结果之间的因果关系时,要特别注意存在心理的因果性的情况。     

对等性权利义务下的农业补贴法律制度研究

农业、农村经济的发展以及农民收入的增长是关系到国家和社会利益的一项重要事情,在当前的社会经济发展前提下,根据权利义务的对等性理念,分析农业的特性,得出农业具有先义务性,存在权利与义务非对等性的现象,以此揭示农业补贴得以存在的本质内涵,即弥补这种先义务性,寻求权利义务的数量等值,最后得出须通过建立完善的农业补贴法律制度,达到权利与义务的对等,保证正当权利的实现,使其获得正当利益,最终使社会正义得以体现。     

论构建和谐社会视野下的流动人口管理与服务

改革开放30年来,流动人口对社会经济发展作出了巨大贡献。但是,由于人们思想认识上的偏差和社会保障制度的缺失,流动人口工作还存在许多问题。在建设和谐社会的大背景下,为做好流动人口工作,应坚持“公平对待、合理引导、完善管理、搞好服务”的原则,以人为本,在服务中实施管理、在管理中体现服务。     

人口再生产价值视角的女性生育和劳动权益保障

近年来,我国生育政策进行了几次调整,体现了国家对人口再生产在社会发展中重要性的认同,但是生育率未能得到有效提升,而女性在劳动力市场遭受歧视的现象依然广泛存在.研究认为,生育与工作家庭的冲突是我国生育现状的主要影响因素,而"全面三孩"政策可能加剧这种冲突.研究建议:应以人口再生产与物质生产理论为基础,重新审视人口再生产在...     

两代农民工差异之比较

随着我国工业化、城镇化进程的不断加快,越来越多的农村富余劳动力开始向城市和乡镇企业转移。在这个过程中,出现了第一代和新生代两代不同的农民工群体。两代农民工群体在思想观念、外出动机、职业选择等方面都存在差异性,对其进行分析比较,能够更好地促进农民工群体的健康发展。     

Application of MALDI‐TOF MS for Estimating the Postmortem Interval in Rat Muscle Samples

Estimating the postmortem interval (PMI) is very important in the forensic sciences. Although many approaches have been used for estimating the PMI, accurate PMI calculations are still difficult. In this study, four Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were sacrificed by suffocation, and muscle samples were collected by dissection at various time intervals (0, 48, 96, and 144 h) after death. All samples were probed using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOFMS) to obtain molecular images and data for principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that the peaks at m/z 1511, 1543, 1564, 1586 clearly decreased in intensity from 0 to 144 h postmortem and that the time groups were separated from each other on the PCA score plot. The prediction model showed high recognition capability (95.93%) and cross‐validation (83.72%). Our work suggests that MALDI‐TOF MS can be used to determine the PMI.     

论“第一类自诉案件”存在的问题及完善

第一类自诉案件也就是告诉才处理的案件在实践当中存在着许多问题,如侵占罪作为自诉案件在实践当中很难操作;侮辱、诽谤罪中“严重危害社会秩序和国家利益”的理解问题;以及检察机关担当自诉问题。本文从这类自诉案件存在的问题入手,提出了相应的完善途径,以期对这类自诉案件的完善有所帮助。     

论“以德为先”选用干部思想的发展沿革

选用干部"以德为先"思想经历了一个发展沿革的过程。在这个过程中,毛泽东提出了"任人唯贤"、"德才兼备"、"又红又专"思想,陈云提出了"德才并重、以德为主"思想,周恩来提出"政治上可以信任是挑选干部的先决问题",邓小平提出干部队伍建设的"四化"方针并强调"首先是要革命化",江泽民提出以"讲学习、讲政治、讲正气"促使干部立德,胡锦涛明确提出坚持"德才兼备、以德为先"用人标准。