试论警察执法的道德制约

警察在执法活动中存在着大量的有法不依、执法不公、执法犯法、执法权力滥用和执法腐败等现象,引发人们对警察执法的极大关注.这不仅对警民关系的健康发展造成灾难性的影响,而且还引发了人们对警察的信任危机和对法律的信仰危机.因此,必须加强对警察执法的约束.法律控制和道德约束是保证警察依法执法和公正执法的两个重要维度.就伦理维度而言,我们可以通过注重警察个体道德修养、加强警察伦理制度建设、改革警察道德教育模式、完善警察道德评价机制、实行警察道德激励机制、健全警察道德监督机制、优化警察执法道德环境等途径,来实现对警察执法的道德制约.     

领导干部用权行为的监督制约机制探析

当前,对领导干部用权行为的监督制约工作主要存在着监督意识淡薄、重点不明、体制不顺等问题.完善领导干部用权行为的监督机制,一方面要强化领导干部用权行为的利益正向驱动,建立以利制权机制;另一方面要强化领导干部用权行为的约束力,建立以权制权机制.     

The Eurozone crisis and the European corporate elite: bringing corporate actors into focus

This paper uses a framework referred to as the ‘corporate reconstruction of European capitalism theory of integration’ to analyse the European Union’s response to the Eurozone crisis. Most political economy analyses of the Eurozone crisis have focused on political leaders, clashes between creditor and debtor member states and public opinions in analysing the handling of the crisis. This paper focuses instead on the input of corporate actors. It is argued that both the setting up of the European Monetary Union (EMU) and the handling of its crisis were congenial to corporate preferences. Europe’s nascent corporate elite was concerned with eliminating currency risk when the EMU was set up and therefore did not push for fiscal federalism. When the flawed architecture of the Eurozone transformed that currency risk into sovereign credit risk, corporate preferences adapted and now favoured fiscal liability pooling and ultimately the setting up of a fiscal union.     

Public Financial Management Reform in South African Provincial Basic Education Departments

Since the transition to democracy in 1994, the South African government has engaged in a sustained programme of public financial management (PFM) reform across the national, provincial and local spheres of government. This study evaluates the progress of the nine provincial education departments (PEDs) in implementing the Public Finance Management Act of 1999 and explores the factors that facilitated or impeded reform. A PFM progress (PFMP) index is constructed to track each PED's performance from 1997/1998 to 2013/2014 and then used to benchmark its progress over time and relative to the education sector as a whole. The indicators comprising the PFMP index assess key PFM functions (budgeting, accounting, financial auditing and audits of performance information), financial leadership and the effectiveness of governance institutions such as audit committees. While there has been considerable progress in PFM, distinct differences in the quality and effectiveness of PFM practices across the nine PEDs remain. Stable top administrative leadership, availability of PFM skills, varying degrees of accountability and departmental capacity to establish PFM systems that conform to new accounting standards drive variances in reform outcomes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

关于宏观调控若干问题的思考

宏观调控既不等同于扩张,也不等同于紧缩,而是一个具有双重性的中性概念.宏观调控的立足点是为了发展,为了更好的发展.宏观调控也没有停止和结束的时候,只有依据治理波动情况之不同而有阶段性之分,有采取不同的措施和不同力度之分.1993年到2003年,中国经济进行过两轮正相反的宏观调控,都成功地对经济过热和经济偏冷进行了治理.自2003年下半年,中央开始实施新一轮宏观调控措施,2004年中央经济工作会议又明确提出了"双稳健"的宏观经济政策--稳健的财政政策和稳健的货币政策,表明我国的宏观调控全面转向"中性"政策.这是一种有保有压、有紧有缩、上下微调、松紧适度的政策,是松紧结合的组合式的宏观调控.我国目前经济增长率和物价上涨率都在正常区间,不存在什么"软着陆"的问题.     

刑法谦抑之司法实现

刑法谦抑的司法实现是刑法谦抑理念完成从理念到实践转变的重要领域和环节.要实现司法谦押应当在完成司法人员司法谦抑理念培育的基础上,立足于司法体制改革的宏观环境之中,通过体现非犯罪化、非刑罚化和轻刑化要求的司法制度的完善来进行.     

文化转型期的翻译

相对于文化稳定期 ,文化转型期通常表现出以下特征 :1文化多元化 ;2文化共存 ;3文化竞争。文化转型的强烈内需可以繁荣翻译事业 ,翻译活动的发展则会加速文化转型的进程。文化转型期的翻译活动的各个环节都受到译语文化的内部需求和既定规范的制约 ,它能够极大程度地丰富译语语言 ,开启民智 ,并对译语文化产生革命性的影响。     

试论我国宪法之法律保留原则的完善

法律保留制度,是以德国为代表的国家所奉行的一种基本权利限制制度。由于传统和历史的原因,我国法律对法律保留制度的继受比较片面。我国宪法应当明确基本权利本质（核心）不受侵害的理念,对法律保留的范围、程序、目的等作细化规定,从而确保基本权利的存在,防止法律保留原则的滥用将基本权利虚化。     

法律保留实质是权利保留

自"权利"概念提出以来,权利保留方式就一直是宪政理论和实践所关注的话题之一,它历经了人民自己保留、宪法保留等不同形态。到19世纪末,德国行政法学家奥托.迈耶基于德国宪法基本权利条款缺乏效力和司法审查作用微弱之宪政实践,提出了法律保留,其实质是以行政法所关注的问题及行政法语言重述权利保留。     

论增加农民收入的财政与金融对策

党的十六届五中全会把建设社会主义新农村作为我国现代化进程中的重大历史任务,为此要千方百计增加农民收入。应借鉴发达国家的经验,运用好“绿箱政策”和“黄箱政策”,尽快提高我国的农民收入,同时,还必须解决农民融资难的问题。