"三个代表"与马克思主义中国化

马克思主义的普遍原理必须与中国社会主义革命和建设的实际相结合,这是从中国现代化的历史进程中反复折射出的客观真理。以马克思主义中国化的实质、要件、成果等内容为理论框架和逻辑视线,结合“三个代表”思想的历史渊源和形成过程,科学分析其实践功效,特别是与“三个有利于”的继承创新关系,必然得出结论:“三个代表”思想是马克思主义中国化的新成果。     

宪政视野里的无产阶级政党宪定执政地位研究

无产阶级政党在现行宪法中的宪定执政地位是科学共产主义理论在社会主义宪政国家阶段具有历史唯物论意义的逻辑推论。这种执政的宪定地位是实现向共产主义高级阶段跨越的保证。中国社会主义实践历程揭示了在社会主义阶段必须将社会主义的国家建构成社会主义的法治国家,宪政国家理念与社会主义才能真正实现在宪法框架下的统一。社会主义宪政体制的内涵发展与时代发展的客观现状决定了共产党执政地位的正当性与合法性必须重新解读。其正当性与合法性在于其社会主义宪政国家建设过程中的先进性。     

《劳动合同法实施条例》若干问题研究

《劳动合同法实施条例》对劳动合同法进行了逐条梳理，对易产生歧义的条款做了更为细化的解释和说明，提高了合同法的可操作性。虽然由于种种原因尚有些实际问题未得到解决，亟需尽快澄清和完善，但《条例》出台总体上是好的，最大限度的维护了法律的尊严和劳动者的合法权益，为促进劳动关系的稳定，和谐社会的构建，发挥了应有的作用。     

入世:银行业面临的挑战及对策

入世后五年内，我国将根据ＷＴＯ有关协议全面开放银行业市场。我国银行业作为缺乏比较优势的服务业之一，将面临外资银行的严峻竞争和挑战。因此，我国银行业应当针对自身存在的问题，加快改革开放和创新步伐，不断提高国际竞争力。     

从检察制度的历史与比较论我国检察官之定位与保障

改革开放以来,我国与国际社会交流频繁,特别是受美国制度影响,一直有将检察官行政官化的呼声。但是,从检察制度的历史渊源以及各国检察官类型的比较研究可以得知,纯粹行政官化的检察官并不契合我国社会。我国应将检察官定位为司法官,并仿效大陆法系国家,给予其充分的身份保障。     

国人对民决团在英美法庭中的功能的误解

民决团仅仅负责事实审,决定事实问题;法官则负责法律审,决定法律问题。这个认识的错误在于：普通法中没有“事实审”、“法律审”的术语,这是国人杜撰出来的。普通法事实发展出来法律,法律是事实的积累。民决团事实上既决定法律又决定事实。它在美国,具有最高权力,大于总统、国会和最高法庭。另外民决团在美国7个州还决定量刑,在有死刑的州,还决定死刑。事实与法律的区分和混合,有助于法官将复杂问题交给民决团决定并在上诉中捍卫民决团的最高权力;也有助于法官对法律问题下命令、进行违宪性审查。总之,理解民决团的最高权力,是理解普通法的关键。     

关于后现代法学研究的思考

法治与现代性紧密联系,它的产生和发展基于法律具有客观性、自主性、确定性等理念。但是,二十世纪七八十年代以后产生的后现代法学以其反传统、非基础的理论和方法冲击着现代法学的基础。后现代法学用怀疑、批判、否定的眼光看待现代法治,并对其理论和实践等问题进行再审视、再反思。后现代法学多元的法学思维方式为我们看待问题提供了新范式,它有助于唤起民众参与法律活动的积极性。不过,后现代法学不会取代现代法学的主导地位,它对于我们的价值更多的是以未来的眼光审视现代法治,以此促进现代法治的发展。     

Marginalisation or legitimation? Mainstream party positioning on immigration and support for radical right parties

Abstract

Does mainstream party positioning contribute to marginalising or legitimising niche party positions? This article argues that voter perceptions of the legitimacy and credibility of niche party positions play a role in individuals’ propensity to vote for niche parties. It finds that the adoption of more restrictive immigration positions by mainstream parties increases the likelihood that those people who do not recognise the issue competence of radical right parties on immigration will vote radical right. However, for individuals who already perceive the radical right to be competent on immigration, mainstream party adoption of more restrictive immigration positions has no effect on propensity to vote radical right. In addition, the increase in the propensity of individuals to vote radical right is predominantly a function of mainstream left parties adopting more restrictive immigration positions. These results imply that mainstream parties risk fuelling radical right party support by adopting more restrictive immigration positions.     

The conditional impact of winner/loser status and ideological proximity on citizen participation

Many scholars have investigated the relationship between ideological orientations and mass participation, and there is also a growing number of studies comparing political attitudes and behaviour between electoral winners and losers. This article seeks to bring together these two strands of literature with respect to political participation, focusing on the interaction between citizens’ winner/loser status and ideological distance from their government. Analysis of data from 34 countries highlights the importance of this interactive effect: while previous works suggest that losers have a greater propensity to take part in political activities, it is shown here that this relationship holds true only when losers occupy a position along the left‐right spectrum distant from the government. Furthermore, while the hypothesised interactive effect is empirically confirmed for turnout, the magnitude of its impact is much greater for more costly modes of participation such as contacting, campaigning and protesting     

Brain Fluid Content Related to Body Position and Postmortem Interval – An Animal Model

Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were euthanized and placed in a horizontal or vertical (head‐down) position at room temperature, after which brain fluid content was measured by a moisture analysis technique at variable time points. No significant difference in brain fluid content was observed between horizontal and vertical postmortem positions. A significant increase in brain fluid content was demonstrated 3, 6, and 24 h after death, with maximal fluid content observed at 24 h. Specifically, the brain fluid content of control animals was 77.79 ± 0.36%, increasing to 80.05 ± 0.22% at 24 h (p < 0.0001). This study has demonstrated no significant differences in brain fluid content related to postmortem position, suggesting that a head‐down position is not associated with increased brain fluid content or swelling. However, significant temporal increases in brain fluid content after death, most likely related to cerebral liquefaction, occur.