货币财产权、立法与自由

财产是自由的保障,货币财产权是各种财产权类型中最根本、最重要的一项权利。随着金本位制的废除和信用货币的扩张,货币当局不再受任何外在规则的纪律约束,纸币发行日益泛滥,每每诱发通货膨胀和金融危机,造成人民财富的流失。这种灾难性后果的出现,使得现行货币体制不断遭受来自法律和道德的多重质疑。而修正现行货币体制的首要途径则是通过货币立宪,确认公民的货币财产权和选择自由,并依靠不断勃兴的货币财产权抑制当局的货币公权。     

现代买卖法瑕疵担保责任制度的体系建构

若出卖人完成的给付具有瑕疵,则买受人将因此享有一系列的权利,此即通常所称的瑕疵权利。在现代买卖法瑕疵担保责任制度的架构之下,应当针对买受人的瑕疵权利建立一个二级层面的结构体系:其中的第一级层面由再履行请求权构成,具体可以表现为修复和再交付;第二级层面则由被设计成为形成权的解除权和减价权构成。第一级层面向第二级层面的过渡应当通过指定期间机制来完成,但一些特殊的情形,可以免于指定期间。第一级层面上所存在的权利的选择权,应当赋予给出卖人;第二级层面上的权利的选择权,则应当由买受人享有。     

单核苷酸多态性分析方法

SNP是第三代遗传标记,在法庭科学及其领域中具有重要作用。当前,已建立了许多SNP分析方法,本文介绍变性高压液相色谱法、时间飞行质谱熔解曲线法、熔解温度曲线法、等位基因特异扩增结合熔解曲线法、分子信号和TaqMan等新的SNP分析方法。     

质询《治安管理处罚法》

《治安管理处罚法》适应了社会发展的新变化,更具现实性、规范化、人性化和理性化,有助于规范警察权,保障公民权。但部分法律条文规定的模糊、断层乃至缺位势必引起执法实践中法律规避的出现,公民权难以得到充分尊重和保障。     

The dynamics of the extreme right support: A growth curve model of the populist vote in Flanders-Belgium in 1987–2007

In the last 20 years, extreme right parties have gained a substantial share of electorate in a number of Western European countries. Despite of substantial research interest, the reasons for the popularity of the Extreme Right parties presented in the studies are often contradictory. Our study has a two-fold contribution to the topic. First, we show that studies based on aggregate data analysis may yield biased results that are not confirmed when contextual and individual-level data are fitted together using the growth curve analysis. Second, we argue that the analysis of extreme-right vote based on one election suggests a constant effect of contextual variables on the outcome variable. We demonstrate that the effects of local context vary over time, and hence should be modeled using the multilevel (growth curve) approach.     

鸭瘟病毒疫苗株在免疫SPF鸭体内的生长动力学检测

为了研究鸭瘟病毒疫苗株在免疫SPF鸭脑、胸腺、脾、肾、肝、法氏囊中的动态分布规律,根据GenBank中鸭瘟病毒的UL6基因设计引物RTF和RTR,采用SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量方法,建立了特异性强、敏感性高、重复性好的标准曲线。利用建立的标准曲线对采集组织中鸭瘟病毒DNA的拷贝数进行定量。结果显示,免疫后在脑、胸腺、肝、肾、脾、法氏囊均能检测到鸭瘟病毒DNA,且免疫后第1天至第3周,肝、脑、肾中病毒DNA的拷贝数较其他受检组织中鸭瘟病毒DNA的拷贝数高。免疫后至第9周,鸭瘟病毒DNA检出不稳定。试验结束时,除肾、法氏囊外,其他组织中病毒DNA的拷贝数均下降至1×105copies以下。表明鸭瘟病毒疫苗株对SPF鸭组织具有泛嗜性,其主要分布于SPF鸭脑、肝、肾中。     

An Investigation of PCR Inhibition Using Plexor®‐Based Quantitative PCR and Short Tandem Repeat Amplification

A common problem in forensic DNA typing is PCR inhibition resulting in allele dropout and peak imbalance. In this paper, we have utilized the Plexor^® real‐time PCR quantification kit to evaluate PCR inhibition. This is performed by adding increasing concentrations of various inhibitors and evaluating changes in melt curves and PCR amplification efficiencies. Inhibitors examined included calcium, humic acid, collagen, phenol, tannic acid, hematin, melanin, urea, bile salts, EDTA, and guanidinium thiocyanate. Results were plotted and modeled using mathematical simulations. In general, we found that PCR inhibitors that bind DNA affect melt curves and C_T takeoff points while those that affect the Taq polymerase tend to affect the slope of the amplification curve. Mixed mode effects were also visible. Quantitative PCR results were then compared with subsequent STR amplification using the PowerPlex^® 16 HS System. The overall results demonstrate that real‐time PCR can be an effective method to evaluate PCR inhibition and predict its effects on subsequent STR amplifications.     

Growth trajectories in the strength of party identification: The legacy of autocratic regimes

While some scholars interpret the frequently documented association between age and the strength of party identification as evidence of accumulated political learning, others stress the importance of critical life stages. Germany's turbulent last century, with its suspensions of democratic processes, provides the unique opportunity to empirically disentangle both effects and to also study the consequences of early experiences of autocratic regimes on later growth rates in partisan strength. Random growth curve models based on multi-cohort panel data emanating from the German Socio-Economic Panel show that the growth trajectory in the strength of party identification largely depends on the number of electoral experiences. Moreover, the analysis documents few differences in growth rates between individuals socialized in democratic versus autocratic regimes.     

Engaging environmental turbulence: drivers of organizational flexibility in the armed forces

Since the transformation was set in motion to change Western armed forces from large-scale mechanized defensive organizations into smaller agile expeditionary crisis response forces, the call for organizational flexibility has rocketed. Yet, actual research into the key organizational drivers of flexibility has hardly been done. To bridge this gap, the present study has analyzed to what extent modular organizing and organizational sensing have contributed to flexible military crisis response performance. The study uses the Netherlands’ armed forces as a representative example of a contemporary Western crisis response organization and empirically draws upon its recent operational experiences. It has uncovered that within most mission contexts, modular organizing acts as a facilitator for the organizational sensing process. Yet, within highly turbulent crisis response missions, organizational sensing becomes the predominant driver, stimulating ad hoc solutions that challenge existing structures, available technology, and standard procedures.     

Violent crimes in native and foreign national offenders

Although the foreign national population in Spanish prisons has doubled during the past decade from 22% to 44%, few studies have investigated the contribution of foreign nationals to criminality and their risk profiles compared to natives. The present paper compared rates of violent conviction in 917 native and 657 foreign national male offenders, and explored differences in risk factors for violence between groups using logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV, respectively). Natives and foreign nationals showed no significant differences in the rate of violent conviction (19.6% vs. 17.2%, respectively). However, when multivariate models were developed to predict violence in the samples using logistic regression, between-group differences in the risk profiles of violent and non-violent offenders were found. Implications of the findings for research, public policy and risk management were explored.