STR melting curve analysis as a genetic screening tool for crime scene samples

In this proof-of-concept study, high-resolution melt curve (HRMC) analysis was investigated as a postquantification screening tool to discriminate human CSF1PO and THO1 genotypes amplified with mini-STR primers in the presence of SYBR Green or LCGreen Plus dyes. A total of 12 CSF1PO and 11 HUMTHO1 genotypes were analyzed on the LightScanner HR96 and LS-32 systems and were correctly differentiated based upon their respective melt profiles. Short STR amplicon melt curves were affected by repeat number, and single-source and mixed DNA samples were additionally differentiated by the formation of heteroduplexes. Melting curves were shown to be unique and reproducible from DNA quantities ranging from 20 to 0.4 ng and distinguished identical from nonidentical genotypes from DNA derived from different biological fluids and compromised samples. Thus, a method is described which can assess both the quantity and the possible probative value of samples without full genotyping.     

PARTICIPATION AND FREQUENCY DURING CRIMINAL CAREERS ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN*

Recent advances and debates surrounding general and developmental as well as static and dynamic theories of crime can be traced to the 1986 National Academy of Science's Report on criminal careers and the discussion it generated. A key point of contention has been regarding the interpretation of the age–crime curve. According to Gottfredson and Hirschi (1986), the decline in the age–crime curve in early adulthood reflects decreasing individual offending frequency (λ) after the peak. Blumstein et al. (1986) claimed that the decline in the aggregate age–crime curve also could be attributable to the termination of criminal careers, and the average value of l could stay constant (or increase with age) for those offenders who remain active after that peak. Using data from the Criminal Career and Life Course Study—including information on criminal convictions across 60 years of almost 5,000 persons convicted in the Netherlands—and applying a two-part growth model that explicitly distinguishes between participation and frequency, the study outlined in this article assessed the participation–frequency debate. Results suggest that the decline in the age–crime curve in early adulthood reflects both decreasing individual offending participation and frequency after the peak, that the probabilities of participation and frequency are significantly related at the individual level, and that sex and marriage influence both participation and frequency.     

发展循环经济走出两难困境

本文从分析环境库兹涅茨曲线着手,指出循环经济是包括中国在内的发展中国家实现环境保护与经济发展双赢的重要途径。作者分析了循环经济的渊源、模式和3R原则,并针对我国国情,从政府、企业、学术界三个层面提出了对策建议。     

从人治走向法治的转型思考

从法理上讲,治理国家是要人治还是要法治,不能以人们主观意志为转移,而应该是以人治与法治在其由来发展中对国家管理的作用,人治与法治的实质含义,并结合掌权者的意志、利益和要求,以及国家建设管理实践来思考、鉴别和选择取舍。     

Alcohol Use, Outcome Expectancies, and HIV Risk Status among American Indian Youth: A Latent Growth Curve Model with Parallel Processes

Alcohol use is cited as a risk factor for exposure to HIV infection through risky sexual behavior, especially among adolescents. From Social Cognitive Theory, positive outcome expectancies about the use of alcohol have often been presented as a critical aspect of alcohol use. Yet little is known about how they might be related to different aspects of HIV risk. Using latent growth curve modeling with data from 292 American Indian youth across seven years, both alcohol use and positive expectancies increased significantly; a lower-risk group showed significantly slower increases in both. Changes in alcohol use and outcome expectancies were significantly interrelated, providing support for reciprocal influence between the two constructs. Positive alcohol outcome expectancies may provide a preventive intervention point worthy of further consideration as influencing alcohol use and lowering HIV sexual risk among adolescents.Associate Professor at the University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center. She received her Ph.D. in Community Psychology from Michigan State University. Her major research interests are adolescent development among minority youth with an emphasis on positive and problem behaviors.Associate Professor at the University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center. She received her Ph.D. in Social Psychology from the University of Michigan. Her major research interests are in areas of American Indian mental health and services research.Assistant Professor at the University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center. She received her Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Michigan. Her primary research interests are in demography and contextual effects of individual health behavior, with a special emphasis on adolescent development.In addition to the above people, the Project Team included Sonia Bauduy, Cathy A.E. Bell, Cecelia K. Big Crow, Dedra Buchwald, Nichole Cottier, Amy D. Dethlefsen, Ann Wilson Frederick, Ellen M. Keane, Shelly Hubing, Natalie Murphy, Angela Sam, Jennifer Settlemire, Jennifer Truel, and Frankee White Dress.     

期权定价理论综述

期权定价理论是金融工程的主要理论基石.自经典的Black-Scholes期权定价模型提出之后,对该模型的修正与理论探讨就一直没有停息.文中在讨论期权定价理论的产生和发展的基础上,着重梳理了近二十几年来期权定价理论取得的丰硕成果,并指出了期权定价理论的未来研究方向.     

试论国有企业经营者股权激励

对国有企业经营者实行股权激励,可以促使其利益与企业趋同,从而降低代理成本.目前,由于现有制度的问题,我国国有企业的股权激励不足与激励不当的问题并存,激励效果也不尽理想.为此,应当进一步完善相关制度,以实现对国有企业经营者的有效激励.     

云南少数民族体育产业化的政策选择与社会支撑体系

云南少数民族体育产业的发展,必须遵循产业化发展的一般规律.政府在推进产业化发展过程中,应该从云南少数民族体育的实际出发,制定相应的政策措施,创造促进少数民族体育产业化发展的制度环境与条件.     

Effects of Work Boundary Strength on Employees' Emotional Exhaustion:The Mediating Role of Role Stress

Based on organizational support theory and “stressor-strain-outcome” model, this study constructs a moderated mediation model to research the mechanism between workload boundary and employees’ emotional exhaustion. Using a questionnaire survey, the results show that there is a U-shape relationship between the workload boundary and the employees’ emotional exhaustion; and this relationship is mediated by employees’ role stress. Furthermore, boundary flexibility moderates the U-shape relationship between workload boundary and employees’ role stress. This means that the boundary flexibility can help reduce the negative effects of the workload boundary on the employees’ role stress, and compared with too strong and too weak workload boundary, the reduced negative effects are the most appropriate when the workload boundary is in the middle. Lastly, workload flexibility moderates the mediation effects of employees’ role stress.     

辽宁省"北黄海经济带"开放开发与中朝边境旅游经济发展

长期以来,朝鲜半岛形势发展一波三折,严重影响地缘经济发展。辽宁省中朝边境旅游项目作为开展适合中朝边境地区特点的经济发展模式探索,业已成为优质品牌。随着"辽宁沿海经济带规划战略"上升为国家级战略,辽宁省适时提出"‘北黄海经济带’开放开发规划"。此举提升了边境地区开展经济合作的平台,拓宽了边境旅游经济向"转型升级"、"转型增效"方向发展空间,有利于造民福祉。