我国推行股票期权的制度性障碍

股票期权制度使经营者报酬同公司经营业绩紧密联系在一起,降低了代理成本。但这种制度需要一定的制度环境方能产生、存在并发挥其作用。我国目前的制度环境并不适合股票期权制度,因而制度的创新成为必然。     

论国际私法规范的柔性化与刚性化

晚近国际私法规范的发展呈现出两大相互对立的趋势 :柔性化与刚性化。前者在美国国际私法领域广为盛行 ,后者则在欧洲大陆国际私法领域暗流涌动。国际私法规范的柔性化主要表现为确立弹性规则 ,对传统冲突规范和机械规则进行软化处理 ;而刚性化的主要表现是国家对国际私法领域的介入 ,撇开冲突规范而将强制性法规范直接适用于涉外民商事案件     

我国建设用地政策变迁及其对农村非农就业的影响

改革开放以来,我国建设用地供给方式从集体建设用地向国有建设用地转变,用地的审批权逐渐向高层政府集中,土地政策成为国家的宏观调控手段。土地利用计划管理以及城镇的等级管理体制,使得基层政府获得土地指标的机会减少,对城乡经济发展产生了一定影响,农村非农就业从"离土不离乡"向"民工潮"转变。通过分析,本文提出了集体土地进入市场的建议。     

国企改革与政府转型

传统的国有制使政府承担了无法承担的责任,这种制度安排不可能适应中国国内市场竞争化的要求。改革这种制度的本质要求是使企业的所有权从政府转向民间。要想获得国有企业改革的成功,不仅要求政府退出企业的日常经营活动,而且要求政府退出企业的改革决策,使企业真正享有制度选择权。     

我国期货市场的发展及对策

我国期货市场经历了十几年的发展,虽然已经逐步走上了规范化的发展道路,但仍然面临着不少问题。原因在于人们观念上的偏差、市场机制的不完善以及法规不健全。我们要把握好期货市场的发展空间和机遇,制定相应的对策。     

Rules and Flexibility in Public Budgeting: The Case of Budget Modernisation in Australia

This paper explores the features of public budgeting that make it resistant to efforts to balance central oversight and situational flexibility. Its aim is to help explain why systemic efforts at budget modernisation in the name of ‘devolution’ may have failed to deliver expanded budget flexibility. After defining flexibility, and briefly surveying how it can be inhibited by budget practices using the example of collaboration, the paper applies a taxonomy of general ‘budget rules’ to illustrate the trade‐offs between control and flexibility. It uses an analysis of budget reform in the Australian federal government over the last 30 years to identify a key set of ‘legacy reforms’ – all intended primarily to enable budget flexibility – to show how their design and redesign were purposed as modification to the general rules, and how, ultimately, they were constrained by them.     

HS-GC内标曲线法测定血中乙醇含量的不确定度评估

目的建立自动顶空-气相色谱(HS-GC)内标曲线法测定血中乙醇含量的不确定评估方法。方法从分析测定程序着手,依据不确定度评定的指导性文件,分析不确定度来源,量化不确定度分量,计算检测结果的合成标准不确定度和扩展不确定度。结果各相对不确定度来自于检材重复性检测为3.4%,乙醇标准溶液为0.71%,检材为0.61%,叔丁醇内标溶液为0.41%,标准曲线为1.1%,气相色谱仪为1.3%,血液中乙醇的相对扩展不确定度为3.9%。结论血液中乙醇含量的不确定度主要来源于检材重复性检测、气相色谱仪、乙醇标准曲线。     

比较法视角下我国陪审制度的反思

陪审制度是一种特殊的诉讼制度,它体现出司法的民主性、司法审判的公正性,且有利于对公众进行较好的教育。我国现行的陪审制度存在着如相关立法缺失、人民陪审员的筛选机制不完备、陪审员选任中有"精英化"趋势等问题。实践中,应明确陪审制度的法律地位,强化相关法律规定;完善人民陪审员的筛选机制,做好对陪审人员的奖励、惩罚以及培训工作,避免出现人民陪审员"精英化"的现象。     

Use of Postmortem Temperature Decay Response Surface Plots of Heat Transport in the Human Eye to Predict Time of Death

A finite element heat transfer model of the human eye was previously constructed and applied to experimental postmortem temperature decay curves collected in eyeballs of ten human bodies. The model was applied in the early postmortem period of 0–24 h under conditions of natural convection–radiation. Based upon this previous model, response surfaces for postmortem temperature decay were constructed based upon variable ranges of the natural convective–radiation heat transfer coefficient from 7–13 W/m² K, ambient temperatures of 10–33°C, and times of 0–24 h. Mathematical equations to describe these response surfaces have been developed. This response surface method is demonstrated for use by coroners/medical personnel to estimate time of death from recorded field temperature data collected over a 30‐min period. Sensitivity of the model to small changes in the key variable of ambient temperature is explored. The response surface model is applied to two cases of previously collected experimental eyeball temperature data. This response surface model method is only valid for constant surrounding temperatures, conditions of natural convection, no radiation effects, and postmortem times of 0–24 h.