当前农村留存人口结构对社会发展的影响及其对策——基于结构功能主义视角

改革开放和社会流动促使许多青壮年农民离开家乡外出务工或经商,致使当前农村留存人口结构出现了老弱病残幼人口为主体的状况,农业社会传统人口结构改变以后,传统功能呈现弱化态势。根据功能主义理论,社会系统有其自我结构和功能修复的能力,使之始终处于平衡状态。可以通过深化农村土地改革、社会资源重新配置和调整等方式,促使农业社会的功能尽快恢复新的平衡。     

我国农业转移人口市民化路径探讨简

随着城市化进程的加快,我国农业转移人口的转移速度也在加快.农业转移人口应当享有的政治、经济、社会、文化权利以及社会福利保障与城市居民相比依然存在很大差距,这就使得农业转移人口转移到城市后遇到诸多问题.本文从我国农业转移人口现实情况的分析入手,探讨了农业转移人口市民化的路径.     

人口老龄化背景下的养老事业发展研究

随着我国人口老龄化加剧,推进养老事业发展意义重大,它不仅有利于满足群众养老需求,也是惠民生促和谐的社会发展的内在需求,还是拉动经济增长的新的动力源。但由于我国养老事业发展起步较晚,依然存在诸如对养老事业发展认识不足、缺乏发展规划、养老服务供给不足、养老服务从业人员队伍建设滞后等问题,致使养老服务难以满足日益增长的养老需求。当前迫切需要解决这些问题,推动养老事业发展,提供养老资源更多可及性,提高养老服务水平。     

Long Bone (Humerus,Femur, Tibia) Measuring Procedure in Cadavers

In this work, we present a measuring methodology for long bones of the limbs (humerus, femur, and tibia) of human corpses. Measurements of cadaveric height and long bone lengths were conducted on 72 corpses (20 females and 52 males) from the School of Medicine at the National Autonomous University of Mexico. Additionally, these measurements were compared with those taken from dry bones of a subsample of individuals. Our results show marginal differences (TEM% = 0.59) between cadaveric and dry bone measurements, resulting from different osteometric technical procedures. This note outlines the measuring methodology, which will be subsequently used to create regression formulas for stature estimation.     

吉林省人口老龄化问题研究

目前,吉林省的老龄人口呈逐年增长的态势,因此,分析吉林省人口老龄化的现状及未来发展趋势,关注人口老龄化问题,对于吉林省经济社会的可持续发展有着重要的战略意义,本文针对人口老龄化给吉林省经济社会发展带来的一系列问题,提出了吉林省应对人口老龄化问题的可行性对策。     

Adolescent migrants from Normandy in Paris at the end of the 18th century

The article deals with the social and family environments and modes of departure of migrants from Normandy to Paris at the end of the 18th century. It also considers in-migrants' future once in Paris. This approach to long distance migratory phenomena — applied here specifically to follow a population of adolescents — was possible due to the fruitful linking of serial nominative sources, each created independently. For the departure zone, we have examined three regions in Normandy for which the population was reconstituted over a period covering the end of the 18th century. For Paris, we used the registers of identity cards, or cartes de sûreté, issued between 1793 and 1794. The typical portrait of the adolescent in-migrant consists of an individual who is the youngest member of a fairly large family. He was often born in a small town, not in a village. It is likely that his decision to migrate was not impeded by his father's refusal. Indeed, the father of the in-migrant was often dead when the son left. In-migrations tended to be isolated; the adolescent rarely joined a family member in the capital. Migration to Paris often seemed to lead to a rupture with the childhood region.     

Evaluation of the PowerPlex Fusion System in a sample from East Timor

East Timor is a country located in Southeast Asia. In this study, we determined allele frequencies and forensic parameters for 24 STR autosomal loci included in the PowerPlex^® Fusion System. Autosomal STR data was collected from saliva samples of 100 individuals from East Timor. The amplification of the 24 autosomal STRs was performed using PowerPlex^® Fusion System (Promega Corporation) and the amplified products were analysed on 3500 Genetic Analyser using GeneMapper^® ID-X 1.2 Software (Applied Biosystems). All the analysed loci meet Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction. In our samples, we found “off-ladder” alleles (D2S441, Penta E and FGA locus) confirmed by reamplification, amplification with others kits and sequenced when justified.     

Introduction: configurations of risk

The purpose of this paper is to conduct a preliminary investigation into the possibilities of utilizing some of the methods and concepts developed under the auspices of ‘govermentality’ in a Chinese context. The way in which the reproductive regularities of the population have emerged as a problem for Chinese governmental reasoning will serve as a point of departure to conduct this investigation. The goverment of reproduction is shown to involve techniques that differ in significant respects from those deployed in liberal government, in particular the reduced role of professional expertise and a reduced emphasis upon the construction of a self-governing subject. This paper also suggests that the development of a concept of the Chinese ‘race’ plays a pivotal role in the way in which the problem of the ‘quality’ of the population is formulated. The paper concludes with some reflections on the implications of this for work on govermentality.     

Personality disorder and violence in the national household population of Britain

Background: Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is strongly associated with violence but the effects of other personality disorder (PD) categories are uncertain. Purpose: To investigate associations between 10 DSM-IV PD categories and effects of co-occurring disorders on self-reported violence. Method: Cross-sectional survey of 8397 adults aged 16–74 years in households in Great Britain. Results: ASPD contributed strongly to the burden of violence in the British population. Paranoid and obsessive–compulsive PD made additional independent contributions, and narcissistic PD contributed to intimate partner violence. The prevalence of violence correlated with the number of PD categories. Comorbid alcohol dependence further increased the risk. Conclusions: Risk of violence increases with increasing severity of PD, measured by the number of PD categories, and with co-occurring alcohol dependence. Not all PD categories are associated with violence, and avoidant PD was protective. Identification of targets for future interventions may be obscured using a classification based solely on severity.     

南通汉族人群17个Y-STR基因座的遗传多态性

目的分析南通汉族人群的基因表型,评测17个Y-STR基因座在南通人群中的应用价值。方法采集343名南通汉族男性无关个体的外周血样本,通过Chelex-100法提取基因组DNA,用Amp FlSTR Yfiler~(TM)试剂盒进行基因分型,并与12个汉族人群[安徽、江苏、江西、山东、上海、浙江(1)、兰州、南阳、泸州、牡丹江、山西和浙江(2)]以及9个少数民族人群(蒙古族、锡伯族、拉萨藏族、青海藏族、哈萨克族、维吾尔族、满族、台湾排湾族和土家族)进行比较。结果南通汉族群体在17个Y-STR基因座共检出327种单倍型,单倍型多样性(haplotype diversity,HD)值为0.999 7,与其他人群间的R_(st)值范围为-0.000 6~0.263 5。多维尺度图结果显示南通汉族人群与大多数汉族人群之间差异无统计学意义,但明显有别于其他少数民族人群。结论 17个Y-STR基因座在南通汉族人群中的群体多态性高,具有法医学应用价值。