Sexual dimorphism in the subadult mandible: quantification using geometric morphometrics

There have been numerous attempts, with varying degrees of success, to differentiate males from females on the basis of the immature skeleton. We investigate here whether the mandible can discriminate immature individuals by sex; the techniques we apply are from the field of geometric morphometrics. The application of these methods in forensic anthropology is still relatively new; thus, an important aspect of this research is that it demonstrates potential applications in this discipline. The sample comprises 96 known age and sex subadult individuals; the three-dimensional coordinates of 38 landmarks are analyzed using the shape analysis software morphologika. Multivariate regressions indicated no significant sexual dimorphism in the subadult sample; this result is supported by poor cross-validated classification accuracy (59%). Our results suggest that the subadult mandible is not dimorphic (to the extent that dimorphism is not evident within the sample we studied); thus, sex determination using previously described criteria is likely to yield poor results.     

The kinetics of colour change in textiles and fibres treated with detergent solutions: Part I—Colour perception and fluorescence microscopy analysis

The aim of this study was to assess colour changes that occur in several types of commonly available textiles as a result of the long-term effects of various popularly used laundry detergents. A 14 day experiment was conducted using blue, red and grey/black cotton, wool, acrylic and polyester textiles. Colour changes were evaluated through the visual comparison of the colour of the textile samples against that of the untreated (control) material.The kinetics of the changes in the colour of the fibres were monitored using fluorescence microscopy (UV excitation filter). The conclusions include an assessment of the observed changes from a fibre analysis expert's point of view, as well as that of an average user/consumer of the products involved.     

拷贝数变异研究新进展

基因拷贝数变异越来越被认为是个体之间在基因组序列差异上的一个重要源泉,是研究基因组进化和表型差异的一个重要因素。许多关于CNV的研究结果表明,拷贝数变异可导致不同程度的基因表达差异,对正常表型的构成及疾病的发生发展具有一定作用。在总结基因拷贝数变异的认识过程和研究策略的基础上,分析了拷贝数变异的形成和作用机制,介绍了第一代人类基因组拷贝数变异图谱,阐述了拷贝数变异研究的法医学意义,提示在探索疾病相关及法医学个体识别的遗传变异时不能错失拷贝数变异这一基因组多样性的新形式。     

三十年来中国犯罪现象发展态势

改革开放近30年来,中国进入了新的历史发展时期,政治、经济、文化等各方面都发生了巨大的变化。随着市场经济的逐步确立与发展,影响犯罪的各种因素也不断突变,犯罪现象的发展变化亦出现了前所未有的新特点。犯罪率的急剧上升与高位徘徊并存,犯罪的地域重心逐渐发生偏移,犯罪主体日益多元化,新的犯罪类型不断涌现。本文即封改革开放以来中国犯罪案件的诸多特点进行考察,以期对犯罪预防政策的制定提供参考。     

An exploratory study of women prisoners’ attitudes towards their self-harm and the use of medical skin camouflage

Self-harm is a growing problem in UK prisons with women self-harming more than men. Self-harm can leave permanent scarring. Research on scarring suggests that living with scars can lead to psychological difficulties; however, there is little research on the specific effects of self-harm scars. Medical skin camouflage (MSC) can be used to cover numerous skin conditions. The use of MSC for women in prison with self-harm scars has not been examined previously. A focus group involving 10 women prisoners aimed to (1) explore feelings about self-harm scars, (2) examine effects that scars have on life in prison and (3) examine thoughts on using MSC in prison. This group formed part of a larger project designed to test the feasibility and acceptability of MSC for women who self-harm in prison. A topic guide was created with two service user researchers with experience of self-harm in prison. The results have been divided into three themes: (1) feelings about self-harm scars, (2) covering self-harm scars and (3) attitudes towards MSC. Our findings indicate that women in prison tend to feel embarrassed and self-conscious about their scars, and the presence of scars affects their relationships within prison. The women were enthusiastic about MSC, suggesting that it has the potential to affect women’s well-being and ability to engage with others.     

A Fatal Shot with a Signal Flare—A Crime Reconstruction*

Abstract: A reconstruction of an incident of a fatal wounding of a football fan with a parachute flare was performed. Physical and chemical examinations of the victim’s trousers and parts of a flare removed from the wound in his leg were performed by means of an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope coupled with an energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometer. Signs of burning were seen on the front upper part of the trousers, including a 35–40 mm circular hole with melted and charred edges. Postblast residue present on the surface of the trousers contained strontium, magnesium, potassium, and chlorine. Also the case files—the medical reports and the witnesses’ testimonies—were thoroughly studied. It has been found that the evidence collected in the case supported the version of the victim being shot by another person from a distance.     

论法权形态异化的本质及其法律矫治

应然的法权关系中存在着"权利"与"权力"两种法权形态.权利反映的是平等民事主体之间对称、互惠的权利义务关系;权力来自于法律,是凝结在法律中的人民权利,人民是权力的唯一合法源泉.权力本应从属并服务于权利.法权形态的异化导致权力权利化、权利权力化,形成权力与权利功能的二律背反,不仅损害了社会公共利益,而且侵犯了公民的合法权益.防止权力及权力异化的途径是明确权力和权利的边界,加快民主法治的进程,建立法权关系的制约机制.     

益肤乳膏剂制备工艺研究

目的 优选益肤乳膏剂最稳定配方及制备工艺。方法 筛选不同乳剂基质和不同乳化剂;并以外观性状和离心效果为指标,经正交设计试验对益肤乳膏的制备工艺进行优化。结果 益肤乳膏处方中油相比为33.6%,乳化剂选用甘油酯44/14和乳化-OP做混合乳化剂时最为稳定。在制备工艺中,采用水相加入油相、控制乳化温度在80 ℃、乳化时间30 min、搅拌速度750 r/min条件下制得的成品外观色泽佳,皮肤感觉良好,稳定性高。结论 所优选的益肤乳膏剂制备工艺简便、合理,所得制剂稳定,适用于工业化生产。     

弥漫性轴索损伤的扫描电镜观察

弥漫性轴索损伤是一种具有独特的临床、病理学特征的脑损伤，是重型脑损伤的主要死因之一，作者对６例脑外伤ＳＥＭ研究发现：大脑皮质挫伤远区可见神经细胞树实折断，轴索排列紊乱、断裂、粗细不等，有的断端球形扩大（ｒｅｔｒａｃｔｂａｌｌ）。髓鞘变性、表面粗糙、呈筛孔状，有的坏死脱落至轴索裸露，有的可见星形细胞附着在毛细血管壁的足板有断裂，毛细血管淤血、弯曲、破裂出血、出血区可见纤维蛋白网络红细胞。ＳＥＭ下上述病变观察清楚，立体感强，不失为一种先进的研究手段，脑外伤ＤＡＩ的研究中尚未见报告。     

从推动发展来认识把握以人为本的理念

以人为本是党中央从新世纪新阶段党和国家事业发展全局出发提出的重大战略思想。它是我国改革进入新阶段的发展理念,是和社会的稳定、人民的要求相一致的。我们应该把以人为本贯彻落实到推动社会全面进步中去,要高度重视民生问题,要关注社会的公平与正义,要促进人与自然的和谐发展、真正实现我国社会快速健康的发展,构建起一个公平、公正、和谐的社会体系。