屠宰猪肝和血清中乙型肝炎病毒及戊型肝炎病毒的检测

应用1对乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)S基因保守区的引物,采用PCR方法从屠宰猪肝、血清中检测到了HBV,序列分析表明,扩增片段与已发表的HBV S基因的同源性高达98%~100%。电镜负染色样品观察结果表明,在HBV表面抗原ELISA检测强阳性反应的血清样品中存在有形态、大小与人HBV Dane颗粒和小球状颗粒相似的病毒粒子。针对戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)ORF2/ORF3重叠区设计了简并引物,采用巢式RT-PCR对屠宰猪肝和血清样品进行了检测。结果表明,部分屠宰猪肝中存在HEV。     

The Strange Birth of Middle England

This article investigates the political meanings of a now ubiquitous media term 'middle England'. It explores its origins in the historical idea of the middle classes as politically moderate, beleaguered and put-upon; and more recently in a neo-conservative, anti-elitist populism, which aims to short-circuit traditional political processes and speak directly to a nominally homogeneous, but actually carefully targeted, 'people'. It argues that the concept of 'middle England' reached full political maturity in the 1990s when increasingly slick party machines began to articulate and exploit these ideas through private polling and focus groups which concentrated on crucial swing voters. 'Middle England' is a product of the increasingly close, but fractious, relationship between these party machines and influential tabloid newspapers, particularly the Daily Mail .     

我国《信托法》第五章若干缺陷新窥

我国《信托法》第五章为“信托的变更和终止”。该章尽管条文不多,但却存在诸多问题:受益人或受益权变更的规定混淆了不同的法律关系,并导致不公平的结果;信托终止某些法定情形的设定在法理逻辑上难以贯通,混淆了信托终止与信托无效的区别;信托财产归属的规定与信托终止的某些法定情形不能契合;受托人权利救济的规定不利于保护权利人利益,并存在用语上的不当。上述问题的存在减损了《信托法》的立法水平,应加以重视。     

Outcome‐focussed planning in Australian local government: How council plans and cultural development plans measure up

Contemporary public policy increasingly emphasises a focus on outcomes, the difference that occurs in the lives of citizens from policy and activity of government. Other contemporary imperatives for effective planning include: recognition of the values of the community whom plans serve, direction towards goals and objectives, utilisation of evidence, articulation of theories of change that underpin planning and responsiveness to evaluation. This article reports a desk‐based research project to assess how local government planning documents meet these imperatives. Two documents are examined for 67 councils across Australia: the major strategic document, council plan or other‐named document and the cultural development plan (CDP) or other‐named document that directs staff and investment aimed at cultural enrichment of the LGA. Findings indicate that the majority of councils’ documents appeared only concordant with one or two of these planning imperatives. No plan addressed more than three. Overall, council plans and cultural development plans did not clearly indicate their responsiveness to values of their communities, nor include objectives that formed measurable steps towards goals or formally refer to the use of evidence in decision‐making. No plans included theories of change to underpin decision‐making. This analysis indicates clear areas of improvement for planning for local governance.     

The Influence of Lying Body Position on Handwriting

Although the problem of handwriting variability due to lying body position has practical significance, particularly for last will cases, it has not been sufficiently studied. The presented experiment aimed to recognize how such posture may influence handwriting features. Samples of text and signatures were collected from 50 healthy individuals, aged 23–58, produced in three postures: typical sitting position (SP) and two different lying positions (LP1 & LP2). Using the SP sample of each individual as a specimen, eleven characteristics in LP1 and LP2 samples were evaluated as similar or different. Nine other features were measured with a specialized software, and their conformity was tested with Student's t‐test. Although none of the characteristics differed significantly in most cases, variation occurred in pen pressure, margins, baselines, and heights of letters. Additionally, a series of blind tests revealed that lying position of the individuals did not hinder the possibility to identify their writings.     

Detection and analyses of latent DNA

Latent DNA detection has the potential to transform aspects of DNA collection at scenes and from items. In the absence of being able to visualise the location of cellular material, all collection of samples at crime scenes is currently performed blind. With the advent of the application of a nucleic acid staining dye, the DNA within skin cells (commonly called keratinocytes and corneocytes) can be visualised. Diamond Dye fluoresces when it binds to the backbone of DNA. This fluorescence can be recorded using a simple mini-microscope allowing the location and number of cells to be recorded. The potential to visualise cells on a wide range of substrates opens the possibility to target sample collection and to triage samples for further analyses to only those containing DNA. Diamond Dye has been found to be safe at the concentration used, inexpensive, available commercially, easy to apply, is highly sensitive, and does not inhibit further analyses such as PCR. This work presented at the ISFG congress gives an overview of the current developments on using DNA staining dyes to record the number of cells present on a wide range of substrates. It is essential to firstly understand the composition of cellular material deposited by touch, where it originates and the relative composition of corneocytes and cell-free DNA. Insight into the origins of touch DNA will be presented along with the staining of nuclei using a range of dyes to show corneocyte degradation. The presentation will cover how DNA binding dyes can be used to effectively triage sample collection, monitor cell collection using different swabs and tapes.     

Swimming for Their Lives—Waving or Drowning? A Review of the Evidence of Ministerial Overload and of Potential Remedies for It

There is a range of evidence pointing to the problem of overload on government ministers in both the UK and other Westminster-system countries. This article reviews evidence from the time of Gladstone to the present day, concentrating on evidence relating to the last twenty five years. It surveys the comments and opinions of serving and retired politicians and of academic commentators, assessing the contention that the burden on ministers has increased, is likely to continue to increase, and ought to be diminished. It goes on to look at what have been put forward as potential solutions and explores the extent to which they might offer some respite. Finally, the article concludes that the remedy to the problems involved largely lies in the hands of ministers and their closest advisers, and suggests that it is in all our interests that options to reduce overload should be further explored and implemented.     

The Pointed Shape of a Knife Influences Eyewitness Perception

We examined the hypothesis that a pointed knife attracts particular attention because of its pointed shape. Using a visual search task method, we asked 33 participants to search 3 × 3 matrices containing outlines of knives with pointed blades such as chef’s knives and knives with rectangular blades such as Chinese chopping knives and to determine whether the matrices contained identical or non-identical knives. The participants found a pointed knife within a background of knives with rectangular blades more quickly than under the reverse condition. This result indicates that the pointed shape of a knife has an attribute that captures human attention and suggests that the visual features of a weapon affect eyewitness perception. This research would benefit forensic investigations in countries such as Japan, where gun ownership is banned and perpetrators use knives more often than firearms.     

谈我国罪犯心理矫治的“优化”进程与“异化”现象

目前,我国诸多监狱机关逐渐开始重视并加强了罪犯心理矫治工作,通过科学教化与疏导,促使其不断完善人格素质,增强适应社会积极性。但在发展的背后,由于我国罪犯心理矫治工作的经验性偏差和惯性管理模式的制约,导致罪犯心理矫治的一些“异化”效果逐渐显露。文章主要论述了罪犯心理矫治工作中出现的良性发展态势以及附带出现的“异化”现象,并提出相应的规避措施,试图为我国监管工作提供较为开阔的借鉴思路。     

发展沿海都市型农业推进农业现代化进程--天津农业现代化问题研究

没有天津农业、农村、农民的现代化,就没有天津的现代化。天津的农业现代化要以国际化、科技化、产业化为主要标志,集经济、社会、生存功能为一体,要具有时代与天津特色;形成以高起步、多功能、深加工的产业为重点的环城经济圈与综合经济带和滨海经济带曲“一圈两带”的发展格局。