国家法律监督机关职能论——兼与陈卫东教授商榷

检察机关是我国《宪法》明确规定的国家法律监督机关,其主要职能是监督制约公权力,确保公权力在宪法、法律范围内活动,防止其滥用和异化。《宪法》对我国检察机关的职能定位是科学的,检察机关既不是行政机关,也不是司法机关,更不是行政兼司法机关,而是独立的法律监督机关。法律监督职能与职务犯罪侦查职能、公诉职能、批捕职能均是目的与手段,不存在分离的空间。如将法律监督职能与职务犯罪侦查职能、公诉职能分离,只能导致检察机关被彻底边缘化甚至被取消。检察机关的职权配置应紧紧围绕法律监督职能,以对等式监督为模型,重点强化职务犯罪侦查职能。     

Mental health specialized probation caseloads: Are they effective?

With the large and growing number of persons with mental illnesses under probation supervision, a form of specialized probation called specialized mental health caseload (SMHC) has been implemented. This study explores the effectiveness of a prototypic SMHC implemented statewide. A quasi-experimental design was used to compare criminal justice, mental health, and community engagement outcomes among three caseloads: a newly established SMHC supervising no more than 30 clients per officer (N = 1367); an established SMHC supervising roughly 50 clients per officer (N = 495); and a traditional caseload of clients receiving mental health treatment and supervised by officers with average caseloads of over 130 clients (N = 5453). Using a mixed methods approach, we found that the SMHC was implemented with high adherence to fidelity, and comparisons based on different caseload samples generally support the effectiveness of the specialized mental health caseload, particularly on criminal justice outcomes. Future studies using random assignment are needed to examine the connection among mental health symptoms, compliance with treatment and probation supervision, and recidivism.     

Police Enforcement of Domestic Violence Laws: Supervisory Control or Officer Prerogatives?

Police officers are afforded a high degree of discretion in the exercise of their authority, and the control of this discretion is an important issue. While it is assumed that individual officer attitudes and preferences shape their discretionary activity, these officers are also members of a paramilitary organization with leaders over them. The present study explored the influence of both officer attitudes and management influences to explain variation in officer domestic violence arrest rates. Hierarchical linear modeling was used with a sample of 311 patrol officers and 61 supervisors from 23 municipal police agencies across multiple states. Unlike much of the previous literature, the results revealed that officer occupational attitudes had no effect on this particular officer work behavior. Management influences (such as rewards and written policies) significantly influenced officers’ domestic violence arrest behavior. The findings emphasize the complexity involved in the control of officer discretion.     

Vicarious Trauma in Child Welfare Workers: A Study of Organizational Responses

Child welfare is provided within an organizational context that both supports and thwarts the efforts of workers and administrators to meet the myriad of goals established by federal, state, and local regulation and professional bodies. As the field moves toward trauma-informed services for children and families (Ko et al., 2008 Ko, S. J., Ford, J. D., Kassam-Adams, N., Berkowitz, S. J., Wilson, C., Wong, M., Brymer, M. J., &; Layne, C. M. (2008). Creating trauma-informed systems: Child welfare, education, first responders, healthcare, juvenile justice. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 39(4), 396–404.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), the effect of trauma on workers has received less agency attention (Middleton &; Potter, 2015 Middleton, J. S., &; Potter, C. C. (2015). Relationship between vicarious traumatization and turnover among child welfare professionals. Journal of Public Child Welfare, 9(2), 195–216.[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). This exploratory, qualitative study examines the level of knowledge administrators have regarding vicarious trauma and probes the organizational responses of public child welfare agencies to the vicarious trauma experienced by workers.     

试论检察机关涉案财物管理中的问题及出路

涉案财物管理关乎司法公信力,关乎当事人的合法财产权益,关乎"以审判为中心"的诉讼制度改革的推进。涉案财物管理的规范及流转的高效是检察机关规范司法行为的内在要求。从检察机关涉案财物管理的现状来看,仍然存在移送环节缺乏监管、保管环节工作分散、审查处理标准不统一、涉案财物流转不畅等问题,建议确立以移送"作为证据使用的实物"为原则的衔接机制,探索建立专门性涉案财物管理机构,进一步完善检察机关涉案财物程序性处理的内部监督以及实体性处理的外部监督机制,以更好地实现公平正义。     

浅论对侦查行为的法律监督

我国现行侦查程序缺乏有效的法律监督．检察院对侦查程序的提前介入没有立法上的保障,法院无权对侦查机关的行为进行审查和控制,犯罪嫌疑人无权与侦查机关进行平等的对话和抗争。因此,从基本理念和基本结构上对我国侦查程序进行反思,有必要限制侦查机关的权力,保护被追诉方的权利,并赋予法院对侦查行为的司法审查权。     

北京市海淀区人民检察院附条件逮捕程序运行现状

海淀区人民检察院作为北京市率先试行附条件逮捕程序的检察机关.在实践中印证了附条件逮捕程序有利打击犯罪、保障刑事诉讼顺利进行的制度优越性的同时,也发现该程序存在适用范围界定不明确、侦查机关重视不足、不利于保障犯罪嫌疑人合法权益等问题,亟需采取相应举措予以完善.     

论我国证券市场监管的完善

证券市场是最具吸引力的经济领域之一,同时,证券市场是信用制度和市场经济发展到一定阶段的的产物,是风险高度集中的市场,具有风险来源广、传导性强和社会危害性巨大的特点。经过十几年的发展,我国证券市场无论在总量还是结构方面,都取得了长足的进步。证券市场的稳健有序发展与高效实用的证券监管体制密不可分。证券市场的监管是证券市场存在和发展的基石,是国家规范证券市场的有效手段。我国已依法建立了对证券市场的集中统一的监管体制,但目前的监管现状与证券市场的飞速发展的现实要求间存在一定的差距。本文以我国证券市场监管的现状为基础,分析目前市场监管存在的主要问题,提出相应的完善对策,以期通过建立有效的监管,极大的提高证券市场运行效率,防范和化解风险,使证券市场更好的为国民经济服务。     

关于我国现行法律监督体制改革的探讨

我国现行的法律监督体制虽然体系完整,但实效不大,已不能完全适应社会主义市场经济发展的需要。因此,必须改变加强法制监督的思路,要在坚持共产党领导的前提之下,合理地配置国家权力,充分发挥各权力部门权相互监督、相互制约的和,以减层层设立监督机构耗费的社会成本,提高法律监督的实效,抑制权力腐败的滋生与蔓延。