多发性食品犯罪案件检测鉴定问题研究——以福建省食品犯罪案件侦查为视角

当前,在公安机关办理食品犯罪案件中,检测鉴定问题已成为困扰案件侦办的瓶颈。对福建省食品犯罪案件总体情况和食品检测鉴定现状的调研显示,从食品检测鉴定主体到检测鉴定标准再到检测鉴定结果运用的整个链路上存在着检测能力不足、周期过长、结果准确率低等问题。解决上述问题,需要从检测鉴定体系、司法协作、保障机制、办案指引等方面构建多维合作的应对机制。     

A Case of Accidental Fatal Aluminum Phosphide Poisoning Involving Humans and Dogs

Aluminum phosphide is one of the commonest poisons encountered in agricultural areas, and manner of death in the victims is often suicidal and rarely homicidal or accidental. This paper presents an unusual case, where two humans (owner and housemaid) and eight dogs were found dead in the morning hours inside a room of a house, used as shelter for stray dogs. There was allegation by the son of the owner that his father had been killed. Crime scene visit by forensic pathologists helped to collect vital evidence. Autopsies of both the human victims and the dogs were conducted. Toxicological analysis of viscera, vomitus, leftover food, and chemical container at the crime scene tested positive for aluminum phosphide. The cause of death in both humans and dogs was aluminum phosphide poisoning. Investigation by police and the forensic approach to the case helped in ascertaining the manner of death, which was accidental.     

一氧化碳（CO）中毒检测方法

作者查阅近20年国内外相关文献的基础上,对一氧化碳(CO)中毒的检验方法进行了全面的阐述,同时对每种方法的优缺点和适用条件作了比较,并对适用于我国国情的顶空气质联用法进行了改良.     

对“三鹿奶粉”事件的反思

“三鹿奶粉”事件的发生不是偶然的，是近年来屡禁不止的食品安全恶性事件的又一起。反思发生“三鹿奶粉”事件的原因，首先是我们在食品安全重要性的认识上存在不足，其次是在食品安全制度设计上存在缺陷，第三是在食品安全监管上存在漏洞，第四是对食品安全违法行为及管理者的失职行为惩罚力度不够。     

氯丙嗪中毒的血药浓度跟踪检测及其吸附特性

利国活性炭血液灌流（HP）抢救严重氯丙嗪中毒三例，治疗期间病人均神志清醒，病情稳定。二例治愈出院。一例合并吸入性肺炎。在抢救过程中定时抽取静脉血，经过提取分离后，采用高灵敏度的硫磷检测器进行色谱分析、研究发现，活性炭能有效吸附氯丙嗪，其竞争吸附能力和药物与蛋白质结合的时间密切相关，时间愈长，竞争能力愈低。     

甘肃省庆阳市犊牛瞎眼病的调查与预防

对甘肃省庆阳市的西峰、合水、庆城、华池、镇原 5个县 (区 )牛群流行的以犊牛双目失明为主要症状的疾病进行了流行病学调查、临床症状和病理变化观察、实验室检验、小白鼠和兔饲喂试验及本动物典型病例复制试验 ,结合流行区种植黄花菜的情况 ,综合诊断为萱草根素中毒。经采取限制牛放牧时间 ,避免或杜绝牛在每年冬春季节采食黄花菜根及其青苗等措施 ,流行区牛的发病数量明显下降。     

Missing links between regulatory resources and risk concerns: Evidence from the case of food safety in China

Do resources available to regulatory agencies matter for public perceptions of social risks? In this paper we use the case of food safety in China to empirically examine the relationship between regulatory resources and risk concerns. The multilevel model estimates suggest that neither regulatory revenue nor personnel is significantly related to public concerns over food safety. There is also no significant interaction effect between regulatory resources and food scandals. Despite the fact that sufficient fiscal revenue and manpower are the prerequisites of effective food safety regulation, they do not elicit more favorable public perceptions. These are the two missing links leading to the insignificant effect of regulatory resource inputs. First, ineffective distribution and deployment of resources and the lack of external participation retard the growth of regulatory capacity. Second, underinvestment in risk communication and the amplification effect of risks undermine regulatory legitimacy. We discuss the theoretical and policy implications of the results, and conclude with research limitations and suggestions for future research.     

Prevalence of diatom frustules in non-vegetarian foodstuffs and its implications in interpreting identification of diatom frustules in drowning cases

Detection of diatom frustules in bone marrow (diatom test) is used for diagnosing ante-mortem drowning where the usual signs of drowning are not present in dead bodies recovered from water. However, controversies over the reliability of diatom test results are continuing. There have been indications on the possibilities of diatoms entering into systemic circulation from atmospheric air, food and drink. While diatoms have been demonstrated in the gut content of edible marine forms such as shrimps and clams, the present study, for the first time, provides empirical evidence on the prevalence as well as abundance of diatom frustules in the samples of cooked non-vegetarian foodstuffs that impend human consumption in Kelantan, Malaysia. It is found that 50 g each of cleaned and cooked prawns and of clams impending human consumption contain about 8360 and 29,054 diatom frustules, respectively. A person accustomed to prawn and clam food would be ingesting an estimated 2 million diatoms in a single year. Considering the suggestion that detection of five diatom frustules in 10 g of bone marrow would suffice for concluding drowning as mode of death, and the fact that there is yet no proof that diatom frustules do not enter into the human systemic circulation through the digestive tract, the estimated number of diatom frustules routinely ingested acquires significance since entry of a few of such ingested frustules into the systemic circulation can lead to false positive test results. The findings of this research raise two important issues: first, population based routine food related diatom ingestion requires to be estimated, and, second, studies have to be initiated to categorically prove or disprove the possibility of entry of diatom frustules into the systemic circulation via the digestive tract.     

中国粮食安全国内法保障研究

粮食安全不仅是国家安全的重要组成部分,而且是发展国民经济与构建和谐社会的根本物质基础。为维护粮食安全,中国必须采取、完善包括技术、经济、行政、法律等多方面的保障手段和措施。基于此,中国必须针对粮食安全国内法保障目前所存缺陷,采取切实有效措施建立健全粮食安全国内法保障。第一,高度重视粮食安全及粮食安全国内法保障工作,加强粮食安全国内法保障理论研究,切实把建立健全粮食安全国内法保障作为当前重要任务来抓;第二,重新定位粮食安全国内法保障指导思想,将科学发展观与粮食安全观彻底贯彻于粮食安全国内法保障中;第三,恰当确定粮食安全国内法保障目标,合理界定粮食安全国内法保障原则,优化粮食安全国内法保障框架;第四,抓紧制定与完善粮食安全立法规划,集合中央与地方力量建立健全粮食安全国内法保障;第五,严格粮食安全行政执法,加强粮食安全行政执法监督,确保粮食安全法律制度得以正确实施。     

抗战时期日本毒化河北实态研究

抗日战争时期日本在河北有计划地推行毒化活动，政策上存在从阳禁阴纵到强制毒化阶段性嬗变，其实质对鸦片实行统制配销，对毒品一贯纵容，结果使河北在烟毒的生产、贩售、吸食上愈加泛滥，给该省经济发展、人民生活等诸多方面带来了极大危害。