The Queen and the `Bolton Seven'

This note examines the case of a group of gay men who, having engaged in consensual sexual acts together, became known as the `Bolton Seven' following their conviction in 1998 for offences of buggery and/or gross indecency. More particularly the note scrutinises the implications of the ages of the participants (one of whom, at 17 , was unable to give lawful consent to sexual intercourse with a man) in the light of the enactment of Part I of the Sex Offenders Act 1997 which introduces a system of compulsory registration by some convicted and cautioned sex offenders with the police (including men convicted of, or cautioned for, buggery or gross indecency). The note explores the justification for inclusion of these offences within the remit of the1997 Act together with the cultural construction of gay men as predatory and as constituting a risk to younger members of society. It also analyses some of the effects of the registration requirement in terms of it constituting a potential violation of fundamental rights such as equality and respect for private life. This discussion is located particularly within the context of the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights and the introduction of the Human Rights Act 1998 in the U.K.. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

From Sancitity to Screening: Genetic Disabilities, Risk and Rhetorical Strategies in Wrongful Birth and Wrongful Conception Cases

This analysis scrutinises the rhetorical strategies used by judges in wrongful life and wrongful birth actions as evidence for the assertion that the judicial reading of public policy in such cases has undergone a significant shift which is likely to accelerate as genetic knowledge grows and health care resources shrink. The implications of the predicted move towards increased genetic testing of prospective parents are traversed in relation to feminist analyses of the impact of genetics on reproductive technology. These are viewed as forming a nexus with the current social constructions of disability and the contemporary cultural preoccupation with risk, in a context of the increasing commercial importance of genetic information. It is argued that women cannot make free and informed choices about genetic testing and pregnancy unless legal and social mechanisms which protect those choices are in place. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

刑法谦抑视角下的食品监管渎职罪立法解析

从刑法谦抑的角度看,食品监管渎职罪在犯罪圈的划定上基本符合刑法谦抑的要求,但"重大食品安全事故"和"其他严重后果"等表述还存在圈界模糊、柔软的问题。食品监管渎职罪在刑罚配置方面,具有刑罚谦抑所要求的刑罚正当性、合法性和人道性。但与其他渎职犯罪相比还存在法定刑进一步提升的可能,以及增设财产刑的必要。     

依法行政理念的历史溯源与现实启示

依法行政理念的形成与历史演变蕴涵着法治的价值诉求和主旨的转变,核心是实现由＂控制行政权＂到＂保障行政权有效行使＂。依法行政理念的演变不是价值变迁,而是价值关注点和思维方法的转变。我国要实现依法行政就要处理好＂控权＂与＂行权＂或＂有限＂与＂有效＂相结合的问题。     

侵权法基本问题的经济学反思：比较的视角

损害具有相互性,损害并一定意味着必然有救济。对于＂受害者＂的救济应遵循财富最大化原则。侵权因果关系的认定虽然复杂,但是,不能因此而放弃对于因果关系分析,恰当的做法是由立法机关和司法机关对于因果关系类型化指引法官裁判。在风险增加的社会,传统归责原则凸显其局限性,社会财富最大化原则要求风险分担的社会化。     

论吉林村镇银行可持续发展问题

制约当前村镇银行可持续发展的最大障碍是慈善思维方式——农民因为贫穷需要廉价资金。村镇银行发放小额农户贷款被认为是扶贫的手段。村镇银行采取商业化方式,实施高利率小额农户信贷与支持、帮助农村中的贫困群体并不矛盾。完善小额农户贷款还需要信贷员激励机制。村镇银行需要政府扶助,但又要避免地方政府的过度干预,避免政府信用担保的道德风险,这样才能实现可持续发展。     

会计师事务所职业风险基金管理刍议

海南省会计师事务所改制后面临着职业风险基金如何管理的问题,解决这一问题行之有效的办法是建立行之有效的职业责任保障制度.     

利益表达与治道变革

改革的进程是社会不断分化的历程，社会分化的结果是多元利益主体的出现。为了维护与增进自己的利益，多元利益主体会以一定的方式向一定的对象表达利益诉求，这些利益诉求影响着改革进程中的民主政治发展，推动着治道思维、行为、模式、范围与重点的变革。     

论“不合理的伤害危险”——对过失概念客观要素的考察

过失概念在理论上可以区分出两项要素，即客观上存在着不合理的伤害危险，主观上该危险存在着可预见性，但两项要素并非泾渭分明。不仅理性相对人不能认识和防范的危险可以构成不合理危险，在一定条件下，非理性相对人不能认识和防范的危险同样可以构成不合理危险。“不合理危险”这一要素在内涵和外延上的不确定性，导致了过错责任与危险责任的界限模糊。不同的情况对本人提出的认识要求是不同的。对于理性相对人不能防范的危险，要求本人更认真地去认识，非理性相对人不能防范的危险，则不是如此，但不等于不要求本人去认识。     

中国伦理传统的“德治”与“治德”

自周初德治主义的萌芽至汉朝中国伦理传统“德治”模式的确立，其间历经管仲以法为主的德法结合论、孔子的以德治国论、荀子的礼法并重论等治国理论。然而，基于批判秦朝“法治”实践发展起来的汉朝治国模式，在“罢黜百家、独尊儒术”的背景下走向了纯伦理化的“德治”。与之相应，其培养“德治”主体道德素质的“治德”范式呈现为片面的伦理型特征。自汉至清历朝历代由盛而衰的“德治”循环实践证明：伦理型“治德”前提下的“德治”陷入了“德治”悖论。化解“德治”悖论，实现国家长治久安的选择是全面认识、借鉴吸收先秦时期诸子百家的治国理论及其“治德”范式，促进“治德”的伦理制度化。