Toxicology and Circumstances of Completed Suicide by Means Other than Overdose*

Abstract: To determine the prevalence and circumstances of psychoactive substances amongst nonoverdose completed suicide, 1436 consecutive cases autopsied at the NSW Department of Forensic Medicine over the period 1/1/1997–12/31/2006 were analyzed. Substances were detected in 67.2% of cases, and illicit drugs in 20.1%. Alcohol was present in 40.6% of cases. Males were more likely to be positive for alcohol, cannabis, and psychostimulants, and females for pharmaceuticals. Illicits were associated with younger age. Alcohol was most prominent amongst toxicity cases, as were opioids, psychostimulants amongst gunshot cases, and pharmaceuticals amongst drownings. Cases in which drug and alcohol histories were noted were more likely to have a substance detected. Alcohol was more common where a suicide note was left and where relationship problems were involved. Pharmaceuticals were more common where a previous attempt was noted. Licit and illicit substances are strongly associated with suicide, even when the method does not involve drug overdose.     

高效液相色谱-质谱法测定人尿液中乙基葡萄糖醛酸苷

目的建立高效液相色谱-质谱法测定人尿液中乙基葡萄糖醛酸苷。方法取空白人尿液加入EtG-D5内标工作液和冷甲醇（4℃）,经涡旋、离心,取上清液于水浴氮气吹干,以沉淀杂质,采用Agilent Zorbax Bonus-RP色谱柱分离,以乙腈∶0.1%甲酸水溶液（5∶95）为流动相,采用负离子模式质谱检测,在选择离子监测模式下进行定性和定量测定。结果尿液中EtG在50～5 000ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,检出限为18ng/mL,方法回收率为90.2%～101.7%,相对标准偏差小于10%。结论所建方法简便,具有较高的回收率和精密度,适用于尿液中EtG的检测。     

一种针对MongoDB数据库的证据获取方法

根据MongoDB文件型数据库的特点,提出了一种针对MongoDB文件型数据库的证据获取方法。在研究GridFS文件系统原理的基础上,详细阐述了MongoDB和GirdFS文件系统结构,对MongoDB存放数据的文件进行了分析,进而获取被删除的文件数据。实验结果表明该方法能有效地从MongoDB数据库中获取电子证据。     

Detection of Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid in Various Drink Matrices via AccuTOF-DART*

Abstract: A new screening method for detecting gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in drink matrices, using the IonSense, Inc. (Saugus, MA) direct analysis in real time (DART) ion source coupled to a JEOL exact mass time-of-flight mass spectrometer (AccuTOF), was validated and compared with the current screening methodology. The DART ion source allows for analysis of samples under ambient conditions with little to no sample preparation. Fifty drink specimens were spiked at levels of 1, 2, 3, and 4 mg/mL GHB, and analyzed on the AccuTOF-DART. Positive detection of GHB occurred for each of the samples at each concentration level, giving 100% accuracy for the samples tested. Twenty-five of the 50 drink specimens were spiked at 1 mg/mL GHB and tested using a color test known as the GHB Color Test #3. Only two of these 25 specimens tested positive for the presence of GHB, giving only 8% accuracy. Implementation of this new methodology as a screening tool for GHB analysis will quickly eliminate negative specimens allowing the examiner to focus analysis time on those that screened positive.     

SPE-HPLC法分析大鼠血浆中灭多威

目的建立以固相萃取-高效液相色谱（SPE-HPLC）分析大鼠血浆中灭多威的方法。方法以空白大鼠血浆添加灭多威标准品及内标物,以SPE法对样品进行前处理,采用HPLC进行分析,考察仪器测试条件、特异性、回收率、灵敏度、精密度、准确度、线性关系、稳定性,并对方法进行优化。结果采用本文方法测得灭多威在血浆中的线性范围0.1-20μg/mL（r=0.9993,P〈0.001）,血浆中的检测限0.03μg/mL（S/N≥3）,日内、日间精密度的CV值分别在8.33%与11.11%以内,日内、日间准确度值分别在90%与120%之间,回收率值在88%±4.4%以上。结论所建方法实用、便捷,可对血浆中的灭多威进行定性定量地快速测定。     

Suicide by Cop Among Officer-Involved Shooting Cases

Abstract: The frequency and characteristics of suicide by cop cases (SBC) among a large (n = 707) nonrandom sample of North American officer-involved shootings (OIS) were investigated. “Suicide by cop” is when a subject engages in behavior which poses an apparent risk of serious injury or death, with the intent to precipitate the use of deadly force by law enforcement against the subject. Thirty-six percent of the OIS in this sample were found to be SBC with high interrater agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.93) for category classification. SBC cases were more likely to result in the death or injury of the subjects than regular OIS cases. Most SBC cases were spontaneous, but had clear verbal and behavioral indicators that occurred prior to, and during the event. Findings confirm the trend detected in earlier research that there was a growing incidence of SBC among OIS. SBC individuals had a high likelihood of possessing a weapon (80%), which was a firearm 60% of the time. Half of those with a firearm discharged it at the police during the encounter. Nineteen percent simulated weapon possession to accomplish their suicidal intent. Other findings highlight the histories and commonalities in this high risk group.     

多层螺旋CT及后处理技术在眼眶骨折法医鉴定中的应用

目的探讨MSCT及后处理技术在眼眶骨折法医鉴定中的应用价值。方法采用MSCT对98例法医鉴定者进行薄层扫描并行多平面重建(MPR)和表面遮盖成像(SSD)处理。比较MSCT与常规CT诊断结果。结果爆裂骨折51例(52.04%),直接骨折32例(32.65%),复合骨折11例(11.22%),未见骨折4(4.09%)例。常规CT漏、误诊32例(32.65%)。98例患者经MSCT检查明确诊断。二者诊断结果存在显著统计学差异(χ2=66.00,P<0.001)。结论MSCT及后处理技术在眼眶骨折法医鉴定中具有较高的实用价值。     

嗜尸性苍蝇mtDNA中COⅡ基因序列检测

目的利用线粒体DNA(m tDNA)上细胞色素氧化酶辅酶Ⅱ(COⅡ)中635bp基因序列,解决嗜尸性苍蝇及其卵和幼虫种类鉴定的难题。方法随机采集放置在呼和浩特地区室外草地家兔尸体上的嗜尸性苍蝇、幼虫、苍蝇腹中的卵。利用Chelex方法提取上述苍蝇m tDNA;通过Perk in-E lm er 9600扩增仪进行PCR扩增;琼脂糖水平电泳和银染显色技术进行扩增结果检测;PCR胶回收试剂盒纯化;AB I 377测序仪测序;DNAMAN 4.0序列分析软件,进行序列比对,截取等长度片段;MEGA2.1软件包进行序列分析和构建系统发育树。结果上述嗜尸性苍蝇m tDNA上COⅡ基因序列在双翅目嗜尸性苍蝇的种内差异均数小于1%,种间差异均数大于3%,成虫与幼虫、卵无明显差异。以此能够根据COⅡ序列差异判断两个个体是否同种。然而,对于亲缘关系非常接近的铜绿蝇和丝光绿蝇来说,由于二者的种内、种间进化分歧均数非常接近,运用上述两个片段则很难区别。结论m tDNA上COⅡ序列分析能有效地对绝大多数嗜尸性苍蝇进行种类鉴定。该检测方法快速、简便和精确,能作为法医鉴别嗜尸性苍蝇种类的依据。     

民事诉讼中司法会计鉴定意见及其质证

司法会计鉴定意见虽然是一种法定的证据形式，但不具有天然的“权威性”，在民事诉讼中需要在法庭上经过质证才能确定其证明能力和证明力。从民事诉讼角度，论述司法会计鉴定意见及其质证问题，分析司法会计鉴定意见质证的现状及存在的问题，并提出完善司法会计鉴定意见质证的思考。     

论鉴定留置的若干法律问题

鉴定留置指为鉴定被告心神或者身体状态，而将被告送入医院或者其他适当处所之处分。鉴定留置的存在是与法医学的发展休戚相关。从某种意义上讲，现代去医学发展的不成熟是鉴定留置制度存活的土壤。鉴定留置应定性为一种依附性行为。即依附于强制鉴定，其本身属于调查程序。而非强制处分。鉴定留置属于强制鉴定延伸的自然结果．而强制鉴定将在一定程度上限制被告人的行动自由。应当接受司法审查。强制鉴定作为一种独立的强制措施．对自由的侵犯程度不可与羁押同日而语，甚至其结果可能减轻或者免除被告人的刑事责任。因此在司去审查控制下的鉴定留置期间不应当计入羁押期间。