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121.
Min Li Ruiyang Tao Wei Zhou Yanan Li Meng Meng Yilun Zhang Linsheng Yu Liqin Chen Yingnan Bian Chengtao Li 《法庭科学研究(英文)》2021,6(1):84
Short tandem repeat (STR) profiling is one of the mostly used systems for forensic applications. In certain circumstances, STR profiling is time-consuming and costly, which potentially leads to delays in criminal investigations. LGC (Laboratory of the Government Chemist, UK) Forensics has developed a robust STR profiling platform called the ParaDNA® Intelligence Test System which can provide early tactical intelligence and aid investigators in making informed decisions on sample prioritization for detection. Here, we validated the ParaDNA intelligence test for its application in forensic cases using a range of mock evidence items following guidelines set by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM). Specifically, we tested the sensitivity and accuracy of the ParaDNA intelligence test, as well as the success rates for detecting mock samples and for use in case scenarios. Our findings demonstrate that the ParaDNA intelligence test generates useful DNA profiles, especially for samples such as blood, saliva, and semen that contain ample DNA, indicating the benefits of including ParaDNA as a prior step in forensic STR profiling pipelines. 相似文献
122.
At the time of this writing, Android devices are widely used, and many studies considering methods of forensic acquisition of data from Android devices have been conducted. Similarly, a diverse collection of smartphone forensic tools has also been introduced. However, studies conducted thus far do not normally guarantee data integrity required for digital forensic investigations. Therefore, this work uses a previously proposed method of Android device acquisition utilizing ‘Recovery Mode’. This work evaluates Android Recovery Mode variables that potentially compromise data integrity at the time of data acquisition. Based on the conducted analysis, an Android data acquisition tool that ensures the integrity of acquired data is developed, which is demonstrated in a case study to test tool's ability to preserve data integrity. 相似文献
123.
目的选择颈椎CT片上的特征指标,建立逐步回归方程,探讨其在法医学同一认定中的应用价值。方法收集130名被检查者颈椎CT片各1张,70名被检查者不同次颈椎CT影像片各2张。选择并测量颈椎CT片上的13项指标值,分别计算被检查者随机分组后相同测量指标的组间差值,以及同一人不同次测量指标间的差值,运用二分类logistic逐步回归分析,建立各项指标的一元回归方程和多项指标的多元回归方程,并对方程进行盲测检验。结果建立的13个一元方程中同一认定的准确率在69.0%~90.4%之间;建立的4个多元回归方程的准确率在90.4%~96.7%之间,盲测准确率为100%。结论本文在CT片上选择的13项特征指标可以用于同一认定,使用时应尽可能选用多元指标以得到更准确的结果。 相似文献
124.
目的研究耳廓观测指标的变化特征,提出利用耳廓特征识别点进行个体同一认定的研究方法,为法医学个体识别,及对视频图片中的个体进行同一认定,提供一种科学、准确、简便易行的方法。方法通过对19岁至22岁的汉族成人拍摄耳廓侧位图像,选取148人照片中的相应指标进行观测,数据收集,经SPSS统计软件处理,分析各种因素对测量结果的影响,计算出各指标识别能力及两批照片各指标之间的差值,最终得出各指标差值的参考值范围。结果 10项观测指标经统计检验分析,最终保留6项指标,重复测量结果稳定。各指标的变异系数相差不大,结果稳定可靠。结论通过制定6项观测指标差值的参考范围,确定指标是否同一,最终认定照片中耳廓是否属于同一个体的方法准确可行。 相似文献
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126.
HUANG Wei-hua HUANG Ping LI Zheng-dong ZOU Dong-hua SHAO Yu WANG Hui-jun CHEN Yi-jiu 《法医学杂志》2014,(1):1-6,12
Objective To explore the injury mechanism of the human knee in a traffic accident by estab lishing a 3D finite element (FE) model. Methods The FE model, composed of femur, tibia, fibula, patel la, meniscus, knee ligaments and surrounding soft tissues, was reconstructed by CT scanning data from a male volunteer. Validation was performed by the lateral impact simulation, and the stress and strain re sults were obtained to be compared with those previously reported for injury prediction. Results The re suits derived from the FE model were found to be similar with those previously reported, most of the ligaments and meniscus wounded at 40 m/s collision, which was readily observed. Conclusion The simu lation results generated by FE model can be effectively used for the injury mechanism analysis of initial contact. 相似文献
127.
通过选取4例经人民法院判决的因产前超声检查引发的医疗纠纷案例,探讨此类案件医疗过错、损害后果及其两者之间因果关系的判定原则。在判定医疗过错时应关注产前检查的规范性,正确看待医疗机构的差异性,并适当考虑时间性因素。此类医疗损害的后果一般均为使有发育缺陷的婴儿出生,医疗过错与损害后果因果关系的分析则不同于一般医疗纠纷案件,存在特殊性,需特别慎重。 相似文献
128.
建筑工程质量司法鉴定是司法鉴定的重要组成部分,通过对其特点、原则进行了分析,并结合广东省东莞市的具体工程案例介绍了其应用实况。 相似文献
129.
130.
Valeria Santoro Ph.D. Piercarlo Lozito D.D.S. Antonio De Donno Ph.D. Francesco Introna M.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2011,56(1):224-228
Abstract: This study was based on a morphometric analysis of bite marks starting from the quantitative definition of the anterior teeth by the geometric acquisition of the “injuries,” using bite marks impressed on pig skin and plastic. Each mark was photographed and acquired. A dedicated program automatically supplied the values of the shape factors and the areas of the pattern geometric figures. The values obtained for the homologous samples were compared to the heterologous values. Statistical comparison was made of the sets by linear regression, determining the correlation coefficient and the determination coefficient for each value. Results showed only 4.8% and 2% of overlap between homologous and heterologous values. This study was carried out in attempting to quantitatively define the anterior teeth of the human dentition and the procedure described and the results obtained support the advantage of morphometric studies and computer‐aided programs in this study of bite marks. 相似文献