颅脑损伤致精神障碍的法医学鉴定

本文综述了国内外颅脑损伤致精神障碍的相关法医学现状,特别是对于鉴定中的常见问题进行了简要的综述。     

论司法鉴定“两结合”管理模式的精髓

对司法鉴定实行行政管理和行业管理＂两结合＂的管理模式,简称为＂两结合＂管理模式。研究,揭示这种管理模式的精髓,有助于深刻了解这种管理模式的内涵,理顺司法行政机关与行业协会之间的相互关系,不断完善这种管理模式,推动司法鉴定行业的健康发展。     

论我国司法鉴定人出庭作证制度的完善

司法鉴定人出庭作证对法官采信正确鉴定意见、消除当事人对鉴定意见的怀疑、提高鉴定质量都有重要作用。但目前由于种种原因,司法鉴定人出庭作证率极低,需要我们认真分析其原因,完善司法鉴定人出庭作证制度。     

有限元方法在法医损伤鉴定中的应用

有限元方法（finite element method,FEM）是一种与现代计算机技术相联系的计算应力分析方法,已逐渐成为生物力学领域仿真人体结构力学功能研究的一个重要实验手段,可以有效地分析人体结构的物理性质,如受外力作用时人体组织的外部冲击响应及内部应力分布等,在法医损伤学研究及实践鉴定过程中具有较高的应用价值。文章综述了利用有限元方法分析高坠、交通及火器事故中颅脑损伤、脊柱损伤、骨盆损伤等的成伤机制、损伤生物力学等研究领域的成果,探讨其在法医损伤学研究以及法医检案中的应用价值。     

从法医角度看医疗纠纷及其产生的原因与防范

从医疗纠纷鉴定人角度研究医疗纠纷,为相关机构防范医疗纠纷提供思路。医疗纠纷是多种原因引起的,一般采用诉讼方式解决。法医在医疗纠纷的解决中扮演重要角色。在医疗纠纷鉴定中要判定诊疗行为对患者造成的损害后果,判定诊疗行为是否存在医疗过失,判定医疗过失与损害后果之间的因果关系．正确地进行死因分析和证据的取舍认定。在引起医疗纠纷的原因中,以技术性、责任心、医患交流不足等方面的原因居多。医护人员应提高自身的业务水平、责任心及服务质量;加强医患交流,建立畅通的医患沟通渠道;增强自我法律防护意识,建立健全的医疗规章管理制度。     

法系不同 本质相同——对司法会计与法务会计的认识

我们不能简单总结司法会计与法务会计的区别,应将其放在特定的法律环境中进行分析。司法会计与法务会计最根本的区别在于法律渊源即法系基础不同,但其本质相同,都是同一种技术学科在不同法律体系下的不同实现与发展;目标相同,都是为法庭提供财务会计方面的证据;理论依据相同,采用的也都是基本相同的技术方法。     

UNIX系统取证的内容搜索方法研究

大量重要的应用服务器或网络服务器使用可靠性强的UNIX操作系统。研究UNIX系统下常用的内容搜索技术及其原理,可以减少取证分析过程中需要检查的数据量,快速挖掘有效证据。UNIX环境下的搜索工具在静态取证分析中的应用研究,可以帮助调查人员在证据收集和分析过程中缩小检查的数据范围,提高取证分析效率。     

Intraobserver Error in Macromorphoscopic Trait Data, ,

As part of a much larger investigation into the use of macromorphoscopic trait data by forensic anthropologists to estimate ancestry from unidentified skeletal remains, we conducted a fourteen‐year (2002–2016) intraobserver error study. Motivated by the development of a large macromorphoscopic database―which will potentially utilize data collected in 2002―quantification of observer error, the impact of technological improvements in macromorphoscopic trait data collection and observer experience is necessary. To maximize comparisons between the two samples, ten macromorphoscopic traits were assessed. Results revealed three patterns of error relating to observer experience, the introduction of new technologies, and error inherent in the method. Overall, this study found the effect of error on macromorphoscopic trait analysis could be predicted and did not significantly impact their utility.     

Cascading Bias of Initial Exposure to Information at the Crime Scene to the Subsequent Evaluation of Skeletal Remains,

Thirty‐eight participants took part in a study that investigated the potential cascading effects of initial exposure to extraneous context upon subsequent decision‐making. Participants investigated a mock crime scene, which included the excavation of clandestine burials that had a male skeletal cast dressed either in female or gender neutral clothing. This was followed by a forensic anthropological assessment of the skeletal remains, with a control group assessing the same male skeletal cast without any clothing context. The results indicated that the sex assessment was highly dependent upon the context in which participants were exposed to prior to the analysis. This was especially noticeable in the female clothing context where only one participant determined the male skeletal cast to be male. The results demonstrate the importance of understanding the role of context in forensic anthropology at an early stage of an investigation and its potential cascading effect on subsequent assessments.     

A Statistical Method for Reassociating Human Tali and Calcanei from a Commingled Context

In a commingled context, assessing that a talus and a calcaneus correspond to the same individual could become a primary step for accurately sorting human remains. For this purpose, the lengths and widths of the trochlea, posterior calcaneal articular surface, and posterior talar articular surface were measured in 197 individuals (105 males, 92 females) from the Athens Collection. A total of 12 highly accurate equations for reassociating tali and calcanei were developed, using simple and multiple linear regression analysis and they were found to be suitable for sorting commingled human remains. Bilateral asymmetry and sex did not have an effect on the accuracy of the method.