加快我国林业发展的关键在深化改革——江西的实践与启示

林业是我国的重要产业，生态产品和林产品已成为我国最短缺、最急需发展的产品。我国农业用18亿亩耕地解决了13亿人的吃饭问题，而我国林业的43亿亩林地却没有解决13亿人的用材问题和生态问题，其根本原因在于林业生产关系不适应林业生产力的发展。江西是全国最早开展林权改革的试点省之一，成效显著。明晰了林地使用权和林木所有权，放活了经营权，落实了处置权，保障了收益权，实现了“山有其主、主有其权、权有其责、责有其利”，林业生产关系适应了林业生产力的发展，激发了广大农民和社会各界发展林业的积极性，增加了农民的收入，促进了农村经济社会发展，有力推动了社会主义新农村建设。江西林改工作走在全国前列，起到了排头兵作用，得到了党中央、国务院领导的充分肯定。     

对延边林业党的建设创新工作的思考

在延边林业开展第二次创业,发展四大产业,全面建设小康社会的历史背景下,必须充分认识党建创新工作的必要性,把握延边林业党建创新工作的原则,提升延边林业党建创新工作的层次。     

体现农林高校特色的校园生态文化培育研究——以浙江农林大学为例

当前,践行＂生态文明＂,构建校园生态文化,彰显农林类高校特色已成为浙江农林大学坚定不移的责任与义务。经过多年来的探索与发展,浙江农林大学已形成了具有专业学科为特色的校园生态文化,为培育人才提供环境支持。     

Forgotten Outcomes for Rural Areas in Central Policy‐Making: The Case of Blue Gums in Australia

The expansion of private forestry and the partnership between government and private sector timber growers and processors highlights the issues associated with a functionally based rather than a place based approaches to changing patterns of land use in rural areas. Rural development through blue gum forestry was promoted as a means of revitalising rural communities, providing both economic and social gains to regional areas. The purpose of this study is to examine the economic consequences of policies designed to promote plantation forestry at a local level. It concludes that while plantation forestry may bring benefits to the national economy, these benefits may not be apparent at a local level especially if the industry operates in competition with a viable alternative.     

集体林地流转限制的合理性和合法性分析——基于林农生存保障和生态保护的思考

集体林地资源承载着多重的社会、经济和生态价值。以集体林地资源所赋有的社会、经济和生态效益为价值坐标,集体林权改革中,集体林地的流转应当通过国家立法和政策对集体林地流转的范围、流转主体、流转期限和流转之后的经营活动进行合理的限制,以真正发挥集体林地在提高林农生活水平和增强国家生态效益方面的双重功能。     

我国集体林权流转和交易法律制度研究

在集体林权制度主体改革已建立明晰的林业产权制度的基础上,为使林农的处置权和收益权得到更好实现,通过市场手段推动森林资源资产的有序流转和优化配置已经势在必行。我国许多重点林区陆续开展了建立林权交易中心的试点工作,目的就是为优化林业生产要素配置和促进林业社会化服务提供市场平台。但现阶段我国林权交易中心的运作在机构定位和设置,交易主体、标的和程序,交易的配套服务等方面都存在一定的困境。     

Conservation and community-based development through ecotourism in the temperate rainforest of southern Chile

General assessments of ecotourism and community-led development offer conflicting views of these strategies’ potential. Appraisals of successful projects add to the available knowledge that policy makers can use to improve decision-making. The Mapu Lahual Network of Indigenous Parks (RML), an ecotourism development and conservation project in the 10th Region of southern Chile, covers 45,000 ha within the territories of eight indigenous communities, in a part of southern Chile that national and international conservation organizations consider a high priority for ecological conservation. Elected leaders of the indigenous communities established the RML in 2000 with technical assistance from public agencies and financial assistance from national and environmental organizations. The RML’s primary purpose is to increase and diversify per-capita incomes in a way that preserves the area’s environment and culture by establishing tourism based on a system of parks, trails, campgrounds, and local services. This paper appraises the RML with respect to the common interest of the relevant local, national, and international communities. The policy sciences provide a contextual basis for practical recommendations that will help participants build on the project’s strengths and correct its weaknesses. The RML initiative provides a model of a development process that has been constructively supported by members of public agencies and conservation organizations. The strategies employed in the RML could be diffused and adapted in other contexts.

Community forest concessionaires: resisting green grabs and producing political subjects in Guatemala

In 2005, Guatemalan community forest concessionaires achieved a remarkable legislative victory that reversed a green land grab in the Maya Biosphere. The fight over this space, the Mirador Basin, provides valuable contributions to analyses of global land grabs, grassroots politics and power relations underpinning environmental governance. First, the fight for the Mirador Basin illustrates how green land grabs create new natures, rather than simply enclosing existing green spaces. Second, it contributes to recent scholarship detailing land-grabbing practices of resistance, acquiescence and incorporation ‘from below’ by describing how Maya Biosphere community forest concessionaires were able to reverse a green grab. Lastly, I argue this successful reversal largely rests on the articulation and mobilization of a new rights-bearing subject – the forest concessionaire. Struggles for land in the Maya Biosphere illustrate that practices and relations of green governance do not always create disciplined, neo-liberal, green subjects. Rather, community forestry has provided a political platform turning reserve residents into influential actors participating in the re-territorialization of power in contemporary Guatemala.     

Carbon markets and the new ‘Carbon Violence’: A Ugandan study

Abstract

This article examines the expansion of the global carbon economy, including a critical evaluation of its local level impacts. The authors describe the growing international support for carbon markets amongst governments, international institutions and financial investors as a response to human-induced climate change. By putting a price on carbon, proponents argue that carbon markets represent a win-win-win scenario; delivering benefits to local landholders where ecosystem services occur, as well as conferring benefits to investors and the environment. Plantation forestry represents a rapidly expanding sector in the broader carbon economy, with plantations representing one of a number of ‘flex crops’ able to be variously sold on the basis of their value as fuel, timber and carbon storage. To examine the impacts of expanding plantation forestry carbon markets, we take the case of Green Resources, reportedly the largest plantation forestry operator on the African continent. Drawing from in-depth research in 2012-2013 with affected communities in Uganda, the article examines the diverse historical and contemporary structural violence on which expansion of plantation forestry allegedly relies. Building upon earlier literature on violence (for example, Galtung [1990] and Watts [2001]), the authors introduce a new term ‘carbon violence’ to frame the distinctive forms of reported violence occurring alongside the burgeoning plantation forestry industry.     

黑龙江省对俄林业经贸合作战略升级研究

对俄林业经贸合作是黑龙江省可以先行的和最有发展潜力的合作领域。未来黑龙江省对俄林业经贸合作将呈现良好的发展态势,实行跨国经营、加强两国地区间和企业间合作,采取灵活多样的形式与策略等,都是保障黑龙江省对俄林业经贸合作真正富有成效的可行途径。